译者 ① 力图列出所有比较重要的语词,并对于每一语词,给出其全部出处,或者仅仅省去少数无关紧要的出处。前言中的各段用p1、p2……标明,各命题则以去掉小数点的数字标示;两个以上的顺号的命题,用两个以连字符接起来的数字标示,如202——2021。
译文 ② 中有时必须用不同的英语词项来翻译同一个德语词项,或者用同一个英语词项来翻译不同的德语词项。索引旨在为德语词汇提供资料性的引导,特别是使读者注意到那些在英语中比在德语中较难清楚表达的观念之间的重要联系,为此,这里采用了多种方法。
一、如果一个德语表达式本身比较重要,就将它写在它的英译表达式后面的括号内,如situation[Sachlage];同样地,当一个英语表达式用来翻译多个德语表达式时,每个德语表达式分别写在标有数字的括号内,并且接着列出用该英语表达式翻译它的那些段落,如reality 1.[Realität],55561,等等。2.[Wirklichkeit],206,等等。
二、有时这样列出的德语表达式在正文中具有两个或更多的英译;在这种情形下,如果非主选的英译是重要的,就将它们列在括号内的德语表达式之后,如proposition[Satz: law; principle]。
以这两种方法收入的多种英译有时以一种简略的方式列出。因为一个德语表达式实际上并不一定如上面例中所示的那样,为列在它前面或后面的英语表达式所翻译,其关系也许更为复杂。如这个德语表达式也许只是英语表达式所翻译的短语的一部分,例如stand in a relation to one another; are related[Sich verhalten: stand, how things; state of things]。
三、用参照词条来提示对概念之间其它重要联系的注意,如true,参照correct,right,和a priori,参照advance,in。
在次要词条和参照词条中代字号用~标记,但代字号含有/的地方除外,在这种情形下,/前面的部分是这样来标记的,例如,accident; ~al表示accident; accidental;和state of/affairs; ~things表示state of affairs; state of things。参照词条与在它之前的紧靠它的词条或标有数字的括号有关。当对于一个词本身和一个包含它的短语都给出参照时,则后者的出现一般地并不算作也是前者的出现,所以两个词条都应该翻阅。
about(关于)[von etwas handeln: concerned with; deal with; subjectmatter(涉及、处理某事物)],324,544,635;参照mention; speak; talk.
abstract(抽象),55563
accident; ~al(偶然事件;偶然的)[Zufall],2012,20121,334,54733,6031,61231,61232,63,641
action(行为),51362,6422
activity(活动),4112
addition(加),参照logical.
adjectiv/e; ~al(形容词;形容词的),3323,54733
advance, in(事先)[von vornherein],547,6125;参照a priori.
aesthetics(美学),6421
affirmation(肯定)[Bejahung],4064,5124,51241,544,5513,5514,6231
affix(附标)[Index],40411,502
agreement(符合,一致)
1.[stimmen: right(对); true(真)],5512
2.[Übereinstimmung],221,2222,42,44,442——4431,4462
analysis(分析)[Analyse],3201,325,33442,41274,4221,55562;参照anatomize; dissect; resolve.
analytic(分析的),611
anatomize(分解)[auseinanderlegen],3261;参照analysis.
answer(回答),4003,41274,54541,555,5551,65——652
apparent(表面的),40031,5441,5461;参照psendo-.
application(应用)[Anwendung: employment(使用)],3262,35,52521,52523,532,55,55521,5557,6001,6123,6126
a priori(先天),2225,304,305,5133,54541,54731,555,55541,55571,5634,631,63211,633,634,635;参照advance, in.
arbitrary(任意的),3315,3322,3342,33442,502,5473,547321,5554,6124,61271
argument(主目),3333,4431,502,5251,547,5523,55351;参照truth-argument
~-place(主目位置),20131,40411,55351
arithmetic(算术),44611,5451
arrow(箭头),3144,4461
articulate(节奏分明的)[artikuliert],3141,3251
~d(组织起来的)[gegliedert],4032
ascribe(声称)[aussagen: speak(说); state(陈叙); statement(陈述); tell(告诉)],41241
assert(断言,肯定)
1.[behaupten],4122,421,62322
2.[zusprechen],4124
asymmetry(不对称),63611
axiom(公理),6341
~of infinity(无穷公理),5535
~of reducibility(可归约性公理),61232,61233
bad(恶的),643
basis(基础),521,522,5234,524,525,5251,5442,554
beautiful(美的),4003
belief(相信),51361,51363,5541,5542,633,63631
bound(围起),~ary(界限)[Grenze: delimit(分界); limit(限定)],4112,4463
brackets(括号),4441,546,5461
build(建筑)[Bau: construction(构造)],6341
calculation(演算),6126,62331
cardinal(基数),参照number.
case, be the(发生的事情)
1.[der Fall sein],1,112,121,2,2024,3342,4024,51362,55151,5541,55542,623
2.[So-Sein],641
causality(因果性),5136——51362,632,6321,636,63611,6362;参照law.
certainty(确定)[Gewiβheit],4464,5152,5156,5525,63211
chain(链条),203;参照concatenation.
clarification(阐明),4112
class(类)[Klasse: set(集)],3311,3315,41272,6031
clear(清楚),p2,3251,4112,4115,4116
make~(弄清楚)[erklären: definition(定义); explanation(解释)],5452
colour(颜色),20131,20232,20251,2171,4123,63751
~-space(颜色空间),20131
combination(组合,结合)
1.[Kombination],427,428,546;参照rule, combinatory; truth~.
2.[Verbindung: connexion(结合)],201,20121,40311,4221,4466,44661,5131,5451,5515,612,61201,6121,61221,6124,623,6232;参照sign.
common(共同,共有),2022,216,217,218,22,331,3311,3317,3321,3322,3333,3341,33411,3343——33441,4014,412,511,5143,5152,524,547,54733,5512,5513,55261,6022
comparison(比较),2223,305,405,62321,63611
complete(完全)
1.[vollkommen: fwlly(完全地)],5156
2.[vollständig],5156
analyse ~ly(完全分析),3201,325
describe ~ly(完全描述),20201,4023,426,5526,6342
complex(复合,复合物),20201,31432,324,33442,41272,42211,4441,5515,55423
composite(复合,组合)[Zusammengesetzt],2021,3143,31431,33411,4032,42211,547,55261,55421,555
compulsion(强制),637
concatenation(连接),422;参照chain.
concept(概念)[Begriff: primitive idea(初始观念)],4063,4126-41274,4431,52523,5521,5555,6022;参照formal~; pseudo-~.
~ual notation(概念记号系统)[Begriffsschrift],3325,41272,41273,4431,5533,5534
~-word(概念词),41272
concernedwith(涉及)[von etwas handeln: about(关于); deal with(有关)],4011,4122
concrete(具体的),55563
condition(条件),441,4461,4462;参照truth-~.
configuration(配置),20231,20271,20272,321
connexion(联系,连接)
1.[Verbendung: combination(结合)],6124,6232
2.[Zusammenhang: nexus(联系)],20122,2032,215,403,51311,51362,6361,6374
consequences(后果),6422
conservation(守恒),参照law.
constant(常项),3312,3313,4126,41271,5501,5522;参照logical~.
constituent(组成部分)[Bestandteil],2011,20201,324,3315,34,4024,4025,54733,5533,55423,612
construct(构造)[bilden],451,54733,5475,5501,5503,5512,5514,55151,6126,61271
construction(构造)
1.[Bau: build(建造)],4002,4014,545,55262,6002
2.[Konstruktion],4023,45,5233,5556,6343
contain(包含)[enthalten],2014,2203,302,313,324,3332,3333,5121,5122,544,547
content(内容)
1.[Gehalt],6111
2.[Inhalt],2025,313,331
continuity(连续性),参照law.
contradiction(矛盾)
1.[Kontradiktion],446——44661,5101,5143,5152,5525,61202,63751
2.[Widerspruch],3032,41211,4211,51241,61201,63751;参照lawof~.
convention(约定,默契)
1.[Abmachung],4002
2.[Übereinkunft],3315,502
co-ordinate(坐标),3032,341,342,564
copula(系词),3323
correct(正确)[richtig],217,2173,218,221,304,55302,562,62321;参照incorrect; true.
correlate(相关)[zuordnen],21514,21515,443,444,5526,5542,61203
correspond(相对应)[entsprechen],213,32,321,3315,40621,4063,428,4441,4466,55542
creation(创造),3031,5123
critique of langnage(语言批判),40031
cube(立方体),55423
Darwin(达尔文),41122
dealwith(涉及)[von etwas handeln: about(关于); concerned with(涉及)],20121
death(死),6431——64312
deduce(推演)[folgern],5132——5134;参照infer.
definition(定义)
1.[Definition],324,326——3262,3343,4241,542,5451,5452,55302,602
2.[Erklärung: clear, make(弄清楚); explanation(解释)],5154
delimit(分界)[begrenzen: bound(边界); limit(界限)],55262
depiction(图示)[Abbildung: form, logico-pictorial(逻辑图示形式); form, pictorial)(图示形式); pictorial(图示的)],216——2172,218,219,22,2201,4013,4014,4015,4016,4041
derive(推得)[ableiten],40141,4243,6127,61271;参照infer.
description(描述)[Beschreibung],20201,202331,3144,324,3317,333,4016,4023,40641,426,45,502,5156,54711,5472,5501,5634,6124,6125,6342,635,63611,6362
~of the world(世界的描述)[Weltb.],6341,6343,63432
designate(指示,标示)[bezeichen: sign(记号); signify(标记)],4063
determin/ate(确定)[bestimmt],2031,2032,214,215,314,323,3251,4466,6124;参照indeterminateness; undetermined.
~e(确定,决定),111,112,20231,205,3327,34,342,4063,40641,4431,4463
difference(差别,不同)[Verschiedenheit],20233,5135,553,6232,63751
display(显示,展示)[aufweisen],2172,4121;参照show.
dissect(分解)[zergliedern],326;参照analysis.
doctrine(学说)[Lehre: theory(理论)],4112,613
doubt(怀疑),651,6521
dualism(二元论),4128
duration(延续),64311
dynamical model(动力学模型),404
effort, least(最小耗费),参照law.
element(要素),213——214,215,2151,21514,21515,314,32,3201,324,342
~ary proposition(基本命题)[Elementarsatz],421——4221,423,424,4243——426,428——442,4431,445,446,451,452,5,501,5101,5134,5152,5234,53532,541,547,55,5524,55262,555,5555——55571,6001,6124,63751
elucidation(阐释)[Erläuterung],3263,4112,654
empirical(经验的),55561
employment(应用)
1.[Anwendung: application(利用)],3202,3323,5452
2.[Verwendung: use(用)],3327
enumeration(列举),5501
equal value, of(等值)[gleichwertig],64
equality/, numerical(数的相等)[Zahlengleichheit],6022
sign of ~(等号)[Gleichheitszeichen: identity, sign for(同一的记号)],623,6232
equation(等式)[Gleichung],4241,62,622,6232,62323,62341,624
equivalent(等价),参照meaning, ~in(指谓等价).[äquivalent],5232,52523,547321,5514,61261
essence(本质)[Wesen],2011,3143,31431,331,3317,334——33421,4013,4016,4027,403,4112,41121,4465,44661,45,53,5471,54711,5501,5533,61232,6124,6126,6127,6232,62341
eternity(永恒),64311,64312;参照sub specie aeterni.
ethics(伦理学),642——6423
everyday language(日常语言)[Umgangssprache],3323,4002,55563
existence(存在)
1.[Bestehen: hold(保持); subsist(实存)],2,20121,204——206,2062,211,2201,41,4122,4124,4125,42,421,425,427,43,5131,5135
2.[Existenz],3032,324,3323,34,3411,41274,55151
experience(经验)[Erfahrung],5552,5553,5634,61222,6363
explanation(解释)[Erklärung: clear, make(弄清楚); definition(定义)],3263,402,4021,4026,4431,55422,6371,6372
exponent(阶次),6021
expression(表达式)[Ausdruck: say(说)],p3,31,312,313,3142,31431,32,324,3251,3262,331——3314,3318,3323,333,334,3341,33441,4002,4013,403,40411,4121,4124,4125,4126,41272,41273,4241,44,443,4431,4441,4442,45,5131,522,524,5242,531,5476,5503,55151,5525,553,55301,5535,55352,6124,61264,621,623,6232——62323,624
mode of ~(表达方式)[Ausdrucksweise],4015,521,5526
external(外在的,外部的),201231,20233,4023,4122,41251
fact(事实)[Tatsache],11——12,2,20121,2034,206,21,2141,216,3,314,3142,3143,4016,40312,4061,4063,4122,41221,41272,42211,4463,5156,543,55151,5542,55423,62321,643,64321;参照negative ~.
fairytale(童话),4014
false(假的)[falsch: incorrect(错的)],20212,221,222,2222——2224,324,4003,4023,406——4063,425,426,428,431,441,4431,446,5512,55262,55351,6111,6113,61203;参照wrong.
fate(命运),6372,6374
feature(特征)[Zug],334,41221,4126
feeling(感觉),41213,61232,645
finite(有限),532
follow(推出,得出),41211,452,511——5132,51363——5142,5152,543,61201,61221,6126
foresee(预见),45,5556
form(形式)[Form],20122,20141,2022——2023,2025——2026,2033,218,313,331,3312,3333,4002,40031,4012,4063,41241,41271,4241,4242,45,5131,5156,5231,524,5241,52522,5451,546,547,5501,55351,5542,55422,555,5554,55542,5555,5556,56331,6,6002,601,6022,603,61201,61203,61224,61264,632,634——6342,635,6422;参照~al; general~.
propositional ~; series of ~s.
logical ~(逻辑形式),20233,218,2181,22,3315,3327,412,4121,4128,5555,623,633
logico-pictorial ~(逻辑图示形式)[logische Form der Abbildung],22
pictorial ~(图示形式)[Form der Abbildung: depiction(图示); pictorial(图示的)],215,2151,217,2172,2181,222
representational ~(表现形式)[Form des Darstellung: present(表现); represent(表述)],2173,2174
formal(形式的)[formal],4122,5501
~concept(形式概念),4126——41273
~property(形式属性),4122,4124,4126,41271,5231,612,6122
~relation(形式关系)[Relation],4122,5242
formulate(表述)[angeben: give(给); say(说)],55563
free will(自由意志),51362
Frege(弗雷格),6,3143,3318,3325,4063,41272,41273,4431,4442,502,5132,54,542,5451,54733,5521,61271,6232
fully(完全地)[vollkommen: complete(完全)],~ generalized(完全概括),5526,55261
function(函项)[Funktion],3318,3333,4126,41272,412721,424,502,52341,525,5251,544,547,5501,552,55301;参照truth-~.
Fundamental Laws of Arithmetic(《算术的基本定律》)[Grundgesetze der Arithmetik],5451;参照primitive proposition.
future(将来),51361,51362
general(一般的,总的)[allgemein],33441,40141,41273,4411,51311,5156,5242,52522,5454,546,5472,5521,55262,6031,61231,63432
~form(一般形式),3312,41273,45,453,546,547,5471,5472,554,6,6002,601,6022,603
~ity-sign(概括记号),notation for ~ity(概括记号法),324,40411,5522,5523,61203
~validity(普遍有效性),61231,61232
generalization(概括,一般化)[Verallgemeinerung],40411,452,5156,5526,55261,61231;参照fully.
geometry(几何学),3032,30321,3411,635
give(给)[angeben: formulate(表述); say(说)],3317,45,54711,555,5554,635
given(给定)[gegeben],20124,342,412721,451,5442,5524,6002,6124
God(上帝),3031,5123,6372,6432
good(善),4003,643
grammar(语法),参照logical.
happy(幸福),6374
Hertz(赫兹),404,6361
hierarchy(等级序列),5252,5556,55561
hieroglyphic script(象形文字),4016
higher(更高者),642,6432
hold(保持)[bestehen: existence(存在); obtain(得到); subsist(实存)],4014
how(怎样)[wie],6432,644;参照stand, ~ things. ~)(what,怎样)(什么),3221,5552
hypothesis(假设),41122,55351,636311
idea(思想,观念),参照primitive ~.
1.[Gedanke: thought(思想)],musical ~(音乐思想),4014
2.[Vorstellung: present(表现); represent(表述)],5631
idealist(唯心主义者),40412
identical(同一的)[identisch],3323,4003,40411,5473,54733,55303,55352,63751;参照difference.
identity(同一)[Gleichheit],553
sign for ~(同一记号)[Gleichheitszeichen: equality, sign of(等号)],3323,54733,553,55301,5533;参照equation.
illogical(非逻辑的)[unlogisch],303,3031,54731
imagine(设想,想像)[sich etwas denken: think(想)],20121,2022,401,61233
immortality(不灭),64312
impossibility(不可能)[Unmöglichkeit],4464,5525,55422,6375,63751
incorrect(错的)
1.[falsch: false(假的)],217,2173,218
2.[unrichtig],221
independence(独立)[Selbständigkeit],20122,3261
independent(独立的,无关的)[unabhängig],2024,2061,222,4061,5152,5154,5451,55261,55561,6373
indeterminateness(不确定性)[Unbestimmtheit],324
indicate(指示,表明)
1.[anzeigen],3322,6121,6124
2.[aufetwaszeigen: manifest(展现); show(显示)],202331,4063
individuals(个体),5553
induction(归纳),631,6363
infer(推论)[schlieiβen],2062,4023,51311,5132,5135,51361,5152,5633,61224,6211;参照deduce; derive.
infinite(无限的),20131,42211,4463,543,5535,64311
infinity(无言,无限),参照axiom.
inner(内在的),40141,51311,51362
internal(内在的,内部的),201231,324,4014,4023,4122——41252,5131,52,521,5231,5232
intuition(直觉)[Anschauung],6233,62331
intuitive(直观的)[anschaulich],61203
judgement(判断)[Urteil],4063,55422
~ -stroke(断定号)[Urteilstrich],4442
Julius Caesar(尤里乌斯·恺撒),502
Kant(康德),636111
know(知道)
1.[kennen],20123,201231,3263,4021,4243,62322;参照theory of knowledge.
2.[wissen],305,324,4024,4461,51362,5156,55562,63211,633,636311
language(语言)[Sprache],p2,p4,3032,3343,4001——40031,4014,40141,4025,4121,4125,54731,5535,56,562,612,6233,643;参照critique of ~; everyday~; sign-~.
law(规律,定律,法则)
1.[Gesetz: minimum-principle(最小原理); primitive proposition],3031,3032,30321,40141,5501,6123,63——63211,63431,635,6361,6363,6422
~ofcausality(因果律)[Kausalitätsg],632,6321
~ofconservation(守恒律)[Erhaltungsg],633
~ofcontradiction(矛盾律)[G. des Widerspruchs],61203,6123
~of least action(最小作用律)[G. der kleinsten Wirkung],6321,63211
~ofnature(自然律)[Natur],5154,634,636,6371,6372
2.[Satz: principle of sufficient reason(充足理由律); proposition(命题)],634
~of continuity(连续性原理)[S. von der Kontinuität],634
~of least effort(最小耗费原理)[S. vom kleinsten Aufwande],634
life(生活,人生),5621,64311,64312,652,6521
limit(限定,界限)[Grenze: bound(界限); delimit(分界)],p3,p4,4113,4114,451,5143,55561,56——562,5632,5641,64311,645
logic(逻辑); ~al(逻辑的),2012,20121,3031,3032,3315,341,342,4014,4015,4023,40312,4032,4112,41121,41213,4126,4128,4466,502,51362,5152,5233,542,543,545——547,5472——54731,547321,5522,5551——55521,5555,55562——5557,561,61——612,6121,6122,61222——62,622,6234,63,631,63211,6342,63431,63631,637,6374——63751;参照form, ~al; illogical.
~al addition(逻辑加),52341,547
~al constant(逻辑常项),40312,54,5441,547
~al grammar(逻辑语法),3325
~al multiplication(逻辑乘),52341
~al object(逻辑对象),4441,54
~al picture(逻辑图像),218——219,3,403
~al place(逻辑位置),341——342,40641
~al product(逻辑积),342,4465,5521,61271,63751
~al space(逻辑空间),113,211,2202,34,342,4463
~al sum(逻辑和),342,5521
~al syntax(逻辑句法),3325,333,3334,3344,6124
~o-pictorial,参照form.
~o-syntactical(逻辑句法的),3327
manifest(展示,显示)[sich zeigen: indicate(指出); show(显示)],4122,524,54,5513,5515,55561,562,623,636,6522
material(物质,实质),20231,544
math... -->>
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