(下面的页码是指原书页码)
Aachen[地]亚琛,见Aix-la-Chapelle
Abagha[族]阿巴噶部,517
Abakan[地]阿巴坎草原,558注
Abakhai[人]阿巴亥(努尔哈赤之子),517,518
Abaqa[人]阿八哈,296,304,305,333,334——335,366——372,398
Abares, Abaroi[族]阿瓦尔人,见Avars
Abatai[人]阿巴台,512
'Abbas (the Great)[人]阿拔斯大帝,485
Abbasids (Baghdad caliphate)[朝]阿拔斯王朝(巴格达哈里发王朝),xxx, 141,147,150,151,158,169,189,237-238,245,261,269,282,312,349,353,354-356,357,359,398
Abbaswali[人]阿布兹瓦力沙,421
'Abd al- 'Aziz[人]阿布阿兹,488
'Abd al-Karim[人]阿布都·哈林,500
'Abd-Allah[人]阿布都拉(死于1452年),460
'Abd-Allah[人]阿不德·阿拉赫(活跃于1750年),541
'Abd-Allah II (1557-98)[人]阿不德·阿拉赫二世,485,487
'Abdallah ibn-Qazghan (Mirza 'Abdallah)[人]米儿咱·阿布达拉赫,343,345,409
'Abd-Allah Tarkhan-beg[人]阿布杜拉·塔尔汗伯格,531
'Abd al-Latif[人]阿不都·拉迪甫(死于1450年),460
'Abd al-Latif[人]阿不杜拉迪甫(拉失德的长子)(活跃于1540年),499
'Abd al-Malik I,[人]阿布德·阿尔-马立克一世,143
'Abd al-Malik II[人]阿不德·阿尔-马立克二世,144
'Abd al-Mu'min[人]阿布德·穆明,485,486
'Abd ar-Rahman[人]奥鲁剌合蛮,268,271-272
'Abd ar-Rashid[人]阿不都·拉失德,499-500
'Abd ar-Razzaq[人]阿布德·拉扎克,390
'Abd ar-Razzaq Samarqandi Matla'es-sa'dein,[书]《两幸福之会合》作者阿布德·拉扎克·撒马尔干第,459,624注
Abeskun[地]阿贝什昆,240
'Abish-khatun[人]阿必失可敦,366
Ablai (Ablai-taiji)[人]阿布赖台吉,522,523,525,526
Abraham, Mar[人]马·雅巴拉哈,见Mar Abraham
Abramovka[地]阿布拉莫威卡,4
Abu 'Ali[人]阿布·阿里,143-144
Abu Bakr[人]阿布·巴克尔(1231-60),353,354,359
Abu Bakr[人]阿布·别克尔(活跃于1298年),335
Abu Bakr[人]阿布·巴克尔(活跃于1403年),435,451,456,458
Abu Bakr[人]阿布·巴克尔(活跃于1460-1514年),494,495,497
Abu 'l Faiz[人]阿布勒费兹,486
Abu 'l Fath Muhammad[人]阿布儿·法斯·穆罕默德,588注
Abu 'l Ghazi,[人]阿布·哥志,486
Abu 'l Ghazi Bahadur, Shajare-i Turk,[人]阿布哈齐,《突厥世系》,214,252,406,487-488
Abu 'l Khair[人]阿布海儿,460,479,480-481,489,615注
Abu 'l Muzaffar Yusuf[人]阿布儿·穆扎菲·玉素甫,588注
Abu Sa'id[人]不赛因(1317-34年),387,389,396
Abu Sa'id[人]卜撒因(死于1469年),460-462,463,464,479
Achaemenids[朝]阿赫门尼德王朝,9,12,13,15,28,545注-546注
A-chu[人]阿术,286-287
Acre[地]阿迦,305,349,360,363,364,373
Adai[人]阿台,505,506
Adaj[地]阿台,254,392
Adana[地]阿达纳,370
Adrianople[地]亚德里亚堡,157,174,184
Adriatic[地]亚德里亚,267
Adzai[人]阿占,506
Aëneolithic period[专]铜石并用时期,5
Aetius[人]埃提乌兹,76
Afghanistan[地]阿富汗地区(参看伽色尼王朝,古尔王朝,克尔特人),346,409,411,412,414,419,429,456,457,487;参见Ghaznavids;Ghorids;Kerts
Agni[地]焉耆(喀拉沙尔),见Kara Shahr
A-ha-ma[人]阿哈马·费纳客忒,见Ahmed (1486/87-1503);Ahmed Fenaketi
Ahmed[人]阿黑马德(活跃于1089年),147,153
Ahmed[人]帖古迭儿(活跃于1282年),见Tekuder
Ahmed[人]阿合木(活跃于约1387年),431,432,433
Ahmed[人]阿黑麻(活跃于1460-81年),470-471,489
Ahmed[人]阿黑麻(1469-94),463,464,494
Ahmed[人]阿赫麦德(A-ha-ma;1486/87-1503),482,495,496
Ahmed (the Durrani)[人]阿黑麻,488
Ahmed al-Khalidi[人]阿赫麦德·哈里迪,377
Ahmed Fenaketi (A-ha-ma)[人]阿合马·费纳客忒,297,601注
Ahmed Jelair ibn-Uweis[人]阿合木·札剌儿·伊本·乌畏思,390,429,430,433,434,435,437,447,450,456
Ahmed-khoja[人]阿哈玛特和卓,528
Ahmed Razi[人]阿哈木拉齐,500
Ahura-Mazda[宗](阿乌兹达神)阿胡拉马兹达神,见Ormazd
Aibeg[人]艾伯格,348-349
Ai-buqa[人]爱不花,301,302,303,599注
Ailah[地]伊犁河,见Ili
'Ain Jalud[地]艾因贾卢特,364,398,446
'Aintab[地]加济安特普,447
Ai-sie[人]爱薜(伊萨),见'Isä
Ai tängridä qut bulmysh alp bilgä[人]爱登里啰汨没蜜施合毗伽可汗,122
Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen)[地]埃克斯-拉-夏佩勒,175
Ajanta[文]阿旃陀,51,52,96
'Ajlun[地]阿杰伦,363
Akcay[地]阿克恰伊,623注
Akhshunwar (Akhshunwaz)[人]阿克希瓦,68
Akhsi[地]阿赫昔,482,496
Akhtanizovka[地]阿赫坦尼诺夫卡,16
Akhtuba[地]阿赫图巴,442
Akmolinsk[地]阿克摩棱斯克,254,392
Aksaray[地]阿克萨赖,350,359
Aksehir[地]阿克谢希尔,382,451
Aksu (river)[地]阿克苏河,369,398
Aksu[地]阿克苏城(参看姑墨,拨换城),40,43,44,46,47,95,101,114,344,422,426,460,461,482,493,494,496,497,498,500,537,538,541
Aktyubinsk[地]阿克纠宾斯克,254,394,440,460,478,480
A-ku-ta[人]阿骨打,134,136,515-516
'Ala ad-Din[人]阿拉丁(火炮手,工程师)(活跃于1272年),287
'Ala ad-Din[人](苏丹)阿拉丁(活跃于1390年),452,623注
'Ala ad-Din (Tarmashirin;约1326-33年)[人]答儿麻失黑,341,387
'Ala ad-Din Juvaini[人]志费尼,见Juvaini
'Ala ad-Din Kai-Qobad (Kaybobad)I[人]凯库巴德一世,261
'Ala ad-Din Khilji[人]阿拉丁·哈勒吉,339,443
'Ala ad-Din Muhammad (Muhammad of Khwarizm)[人]摩诃末,167-169,234,236-240,244,245,418,589注
Alaghai-bäki[人]阿剌该别吉,227,301
Alai[地]阿赖山,41
Alaka[人]阿剌加(迪杰拉克),见Jaylak
Ala-Kul[地]阿拉湖,424
Al'altun (Altun-bäki)[人]阿勒屯别吉,234,330
Alamut[地]阿剌模忒,354,364
“A-lan[地]阿兰塞,”210
Alan-qo'a[人]阿兰豁阿,193
Alans (As; Asod)[族]阿兰人(阿速人),29,72,73,74,75,78,172,246,265,281,304,402,442,503,504,505,552注,559注;参见Asianoi;Asioi
Alaqmaq[地]阿拉喀马克,272,273,394
Alaqush-tigin[人]阿剌忽失的斤,213,227,250,301
Alashan[地]阿拉善,xxii,55,132,226,247
Alatagh[地]阿拉塔黑,359
Ala-Tau,[地]阿拉套,xxiii,272,423
Alba-Iulia[地]阿尔巴尤利亚,267
Albatu[专]部属,530-531
Albistan[地]阿尔比斯坦,370
Alchidai (Alchidai-noyan)[人]阿勒赤歹,210,215-216
Alchi Tatar[族]按赤塔塔儿部,208
Alchun[族]金人,见Kin
Aleksandrov[地]亚历山德罗夫,246
Aleppo[地]阿勒颇,152,154,155,349,360,361,362,365,371,382,398,447
Alexander (mountains)[地]亚历山大山,见Krighiz
Alexander Nevsky[人]亚历山大·涅维斯基,395
Alexandretta[地]亚历山大里塔,155
Alexandria[地]亚历山大里亚,398,533
Alexandropol[地]亚历山大堡,10,16
Alexius Comnenus[人]阿历克塞·科蒙勒努斯,184
Alghu (Alughu)[人]阿鲁忽,286,331-332,336,397,420
'Alim[人]爱里木汗,488
Alima[人]爱里马丞相,629注
'Ali Mu'ayyad[人]阿里·穆雅德,428
Alinjaq[地]阿林加克,434
'Ali Shir[人]察儿·阿里·失儿·纳瓦依,见Mir 'Ali Shir Newa'i
'Ali-tigin[人]阿里特勤,146,149
Aljigidai[人]晏只吉带,242
Alma-Ata (Verny)[地]阿拉木图(韦尔内),422
'Ali (Of Astrakhan; 活跃于1516年)[人](阿斯特拉罕的)阿里,473,475
'Ali (Ha-li;活跃于1473年)[人]阿力,494,627注
'Ali (of Kipchak; 活跃于1501年)[人](钦察汗)阿里,471
'Ali (of Meshed; 死于约1513年)[人](麦什德的)速勒坦·阿里,见Sultan 'Ali
'Ali (of Samarkand; 活跃于1498)[人](撒麻耳干的)阿里,464,481
'Ali (son-in-law of the Prophet)[人](先知的女婿)阿里,447,448
'Ali beg[人]阿里别克,428
Almalik[地]阿力麻里,234,235-236,238,244,282,292,305,312,319,326,331,341,342,353,400
Alp Arslan ibn Chagri-beg[人]阿尔普·阿尔斯兰·伊本·查基尔拜格,147,152,184
Alp Qutlugh (Ho Ko-tu-lu)[人]阿尔普·骨咄禄(合骨咄禄),121,122
Alptigin[人]阿尔普特勤,143
Alquibula'a[地]阿勒忽不剌,207
Altai (Altun)[地]阿尔泰山,xxi, xxiii,xxiv-xxv,xxvi,14,18,19,25,39,81,83,93,109,114,189,208,214,215,222,234,235,280,338,424,479,508,540
Altaic languages[文]阿尔泰语系(参看蒙古语、通古斯语、突厥语),xxv,189,544注;参见Mongol language; Tungus languages; Turkic language
Altai-Su[地]阿尔泰河,214
Altan (Altan-ochigin)[人]阿勒坦(阿勒坦·斡赤斤),198,202,208,209,211,212,581注
Altan-khan (khanate)[朝]阿勒坦汗国,见Altynkhan (khanate)
Altan-khan (person; Yen-ta)[人]阿勒坦汗(俺答),510,513-514,520,539,540,587注
Altan-ordo[朝]金帐汗国(阿尔坦斡耳朵),见Golden Horde
Altan uruk(imperial or golden clan)[族]黄金氏族,217,221
Alti-shahr[地]阿尔蒂沙尔(喀什噶尔),见Kashgaria
Altun[地]阿尔泰山,见Altai
Altun-bäki[人]阿勒屯别吉,见Al'altun
Altun-ordu[朝]金帐汗国(阿尔浑斡耳朵),见Golden Horde
Altyn-khan (khanate)[朝]阿勒坦汗国,512
Altyn-khan (person)[人]硕垒乌巴什洪台吉,见Shului Ubasha khongtaiji
Alughu[人]阿鲁忽,见Alghu
A-lu-t'ai[人]阿鲁台,见Aruqtai
Aman(clemency)[专]阿门(宽恕),434
Amankoh (Ishkalcha)[地]阿曼科赫堡(伊斯卡察),386,427
Amasanji (Amasanji-taiji)[人]阿马桑赤台吉,493,507,508
Amaterasu[专](日)天照大神,134
Ambaqai[人]俺巴孩,198,200,228
Amid[地]阿米德(迪亚巴克尔),见Diyarbakir
Ammianus Marcellinus[人]阿米安努斯·马尔克里努斯,74-75,190
Amroha[地]阿姆罗赫,339
'Amr ibn el-Laith[人]阿马尔·伊本·埃-勒斯,142
Amu Darya (Oxus)[地]阿姆河(亚克苏斯河),xxix,30,83,85,142,146,147,158,164,166,167,168,239,240,244,282,331,333,334,340,342,343,345,353,366,393,412,414,418,438,484,485,486,487
Amul[地]阿模尔,429,432
Amur[地]黑龙江,xxvi,192,515,519
Amurdara[人]阿穆尔达喇,629注
Amursana[人]阿睦尔撒纳,537-538,541
Anacargou[地]哈拉-土尔盖河,见Kara-Turgai
Anagai[人]阿纳盖,85,173
Anakast[人]阿纳卡斯特,84
A-na-kuei[人]阿拉环,80,81
Ananda[人]阿难答,294,299,300,321,605注
Ananino[文]安纳尼诺文化,14,15,73
Anapa[地]阿纳帕,16
Anash[地]阿纳什,558注
Anatolia[地]安纳托利亚,152,154,155,157,164,385,387,389
Anchialus[地]安齐阿卢斯,174,177
Anda (sworn brothers)[专]安答(结义兄弟),201
Andalo da Savignano[人]安德鲁·沙维格纳诺,313
Andereb[地]安德里布,343
Andersson, J. G.[人]安德森,13
Andizhan[地]安集延,169,423,426,463,482,492
Andkhoi[地]安德·克霍,168,343
André de Longjumeau[人]安德烈·德·朗朱米,273,349
Andrew (活跃于1290年)[人]安德鲁,见Chagan
Andrew (of Nassio)[人]安德鲁,304
Andrew (of Perugia)[人](佩鲁贾的)安德鲁,314,605注
Andronicus II[人]安德努尼卡斯二世,374,385
Andronovo[文]安德罗诺沃文化,5
Androphagi[人]安德罗法吉人,10,11
Angaraland[地]安加拉,xxi
Angevins[专]安哲文舰队,374
Anhwei[地]安徽,58,138,287
Ani[地]阿尼,263
Animal art[文]动物艺术,4-5,12-17各处,24-26,50,176,547注
Ankara[地]安卡拉,450,451,452
Anking[地]安庆,287,310
An Lu-shan[人]安禄山,120,128
Annam[地]安南国,284,289,290
Annam, French[地]安南国(法属),见Annam; Champa
An Shih-kao[人]安世高,49
Ansi[朝]安息,47,98
Antes[族]安特人,173
Antioch[地]安条克,40,155,349,360,361
Antiochos VII[人]安提珂七世,31
Anyang[地]安阳,5,8
Ao-lo po-ki-lie[人]阿罗·波吉乃,197-198
A-pao-ki (Ye-lü A-pao-ki)[人]阿保机,128,129,515
Ap-ili[地]伊犁河流域,423
Aq-khoja[人]阿克霍札,372
Aq-ordu[朝]阿黑·斡耳朵(白帐),见White Horde
Aq-Qoyunlu (White Sheep)[朝]阿克科雍鲁朝(白羊王朝),160,391,459,462
Aqsu[人](察合台汗)阿克苏,492
Aqsu[地]阿克苏河,见Aksu
Aqtagh[地]埃克塔山,84
Aqtaghlik[朝]白山派,501,527-528,541
Aquchu (A'uchu)[人]阿忽出,582注
A Qudu[人]忽都,595注
Aquileia[地]阿奎洛尼亚,76,78
'Arab Muhammad[人]阿拉不·穆罕默德,487,521
Arad(commoners)[专]阿剌抽(平民),195,222
Aragon[专]阿拉贡舰队,374
Arakhosia[地]阿拉霍西亚,31
Aral Sea (Lake Aral)[地]咸海,xxix,38,55,67,72,73,80,82,85,126,155,165,166,185,264,335,393,420,521,523
Aramaean language[文]阿拉米亚文,113
Ararat, Mount[地]亚拉腊山,359
Aras (Araxes)[地]阿拉斯,261,347,348,462
Arban(army captain)[专]阿尔班(十夫长),222
Arbela (Erbil)[地]埃尔比勒,262,368,379,383
Arcadiopolis[地]阿卡迪奥波利斯(卢累布尔加兹),见Luleburgaz
Archers(qorchin)[专]箭筒士(豁儿赤),582注
Archers, mounted[专]马上弓箭手,7,8,23,75,223,224,553注-554注
Ardashir Togachi[人]阿答乞儿·脱花赤,459
Ardebil[地]阿尔德比勒,246
Arghasun (Harqasun)[人]阿尔哈森,608注
Arghun[人]阿鲁浑,296,304,308,309,313,367,372-376各处,379
Arghun Agha[人]阿儿浑阿合,269,281,352,376
Argun[地]额尔古纳河,192,207,211,255
Arimaspi[族]阿里玛斯波伊人,547注
Arin-taize[人]阿林太子,582注
Ariq-bögä[人]阿里不哥,280,281,285-286,291,331,332,363,397,456
Ariq-qaya[人]阿里海牙,286,287
Arjish[地]阿尔吉斯,见Ercis
Ärkägün (ärkä'ün; Nestorian priests),[专]也里可温,300,602注
Arlad[族]阿鲁剌惕部,见Arulat
“Armalech[地]阿力麻里,”见Almalik
Armavir[地]阿尔马维尔,16,73
Armenia[地]亚美尼亚,152,431,449;大亚美尼亚,263,430,433;小亚美尼亚(西里西亚),8,9,263,264,269,271,281-282,305,312,347,360,361,362,363,370,371,379,382,384
Armenians[族]亚美尼亚人,357,358,360,361,362,364,371
Arne T. J.[人]阿勒,24,26
Arnulf[人]阿尔鲁尔弗,178
Arpa[地]阿尔帕,423
Arpad (family)[族]阿尔帕德家族,178
Arpad (9th cent.)[人]阿尔帕德(9世纪人),178
Arpagaon (Arpakawan)[人]阿尔巴合温,389
Arqai[人]阿尔凯,588注
Arran (Karabakh)[地]阿兰(卡拉巴赫)草原,261,262,263,347,348,353,359,430,437,450,462,594注
Arrian[人]阿里安,547注
Arshal Atar[地]阿沙尔阿塔,423
Arslan (活跃于726年)[人]阿尔斯兰,117
Arslan (1156-72)[人]阿尔斯兰,166,167
Arslan (活跃于1211年)[人]阿尔斯兰,234,238
Arslan Ahmed[人]阿尔斯兰·阿黑马德汗,164
Arslan Ilek Nasr[人]阿尔斯兰·伊列克·纳斯尔,144,145,146
Arslan Isra'il[人]阿尔斯兰·伊斯莱尔,149
Arslan-khan (约1032-55年)[人]阿尔斯兰汗,147
Arslan-khan (活跃于1130年)[人](哈拉汗朝地区汗)阿尔斯兰汗,159,573注
Arslan-khan (活跃1211)[人]阿尔斯兰,见Arslan
Arslan-shah (1161-75)[人]阿尔斯兰·沙赫,158,159
Artebanus II[人]阿尔班努斯二世,31
Artena-oghlu[族]阿尔特纳——乌鲁氏族,391
Artsakh[地]阿特沙赫,608注
Arulat (Arlad)[族]阿鲁剌惕部,194,200,223
Aruqtai (A-lu-t'ai)[人]阿鲁台,503,504,505,628注
Aru-rarja[地]拉加寺地区,见Lakiashih
As[族]阿息人(参看阿兰人),见Alans
Ascelin[人]阿瑟林,348,349
Asha-gambu[人]阿沙甘不,247
A-shih-na Hien[人]阿史那献,114,115
A-shih-na Mi-shö[人]阿史那弥射,103
A-shih-na Pu-chen[人]阿史那步真,103
A-shih-na Shö-eul[人]阿史那社尔,99,100,101-102
Ashkuz[族]斯基泰人,见Scythians
Ashraf (死于1343年)[人]阿失剌甫,389,405
Ashraf, al-(活跃于1230)[人]阿尔·阿昔剌夫,261
Ashraf Musa, al-[人]阿什拉夫·穆萨,362
Asianoi,29,30,[族]阿息洛伊人;参见Alans
Asioi, 29,30,552注,553注[族]阿息人(阿兰人);参见Alans
Askys[地]阿什克什河,558注
Asod[族]阿苏特部(看阿兰人),见Alans
Asparukh[人]阿斯帕鲁赫,177
Assassins[宗]暗杀派,见Isma'ilis
Assur[族]亚述人,7
Assyria[朝]亚述帝国,6,7,8-9,11,12
Assyrian art[文]亚述艺术,4,11-12,13,15
Asterabad[地]阿斯特拉巴德,428,429,464,484,485
Astrakhan (Hajji-tarkhan)[地]阿斯特拉罕,441,442,471,472,473,475,486,521,522,540
Astrakhanids (Janids)[朝]阿斯特拉罕王朝,486,488
Ata(father; as title)[专]阿塔(父亲,一个称号),316
Atabeg[专]阿塔卑(封建主),158,169
Atagaroghai[地]阿塔合儿灰(卡拉图尔盖河),见Kara-Turgai
At-Bashi[地]阿忒八失河,423
Atelkuzu[地]阿特尔库祖,177,178,181,182
Atrek[地]阿特里克河,429
Atrek-Kul[地](巴尔喀什湖)阿特里克湖,见Balkhash,Lake
Atsiz[人]阿特西兹,159,160,166,573注-574注
Attali[朝]阿塔鲁王朝,157
Attila[人]阿提拉,38,75-76,78,248,267-268
Ätügän (Ïtügän)[地]於都斤山,561注
A'uchu[人]阿忽出,见Aquchu
Augsburg[地]奥格斯堡,179
Aulie-Ata[地]奥李·阿塔,见Talas (town)
Aunjetitz[地]奥涅提兹,4
Aurelian[人]奥列里安,73
Aurel Stein[人]奥瑞尔,斯坦因,见Stein, Sir Mark Aurel
Aurignacian culture[文]奥瑞纳文化,3
“Aurignacian Venus”[文]奥瑞纳女神像,3
Austrasia[朝]奥地利,173,174
Avak[人](梯弗里斯牧师)阿瓦克,358
Avares, Avari[族]阿瓦尔人,见Avars
Avaria[地]阿瓦尔人之地,175-176
Avars (Abares; Abaroi; Avares; Avari)[族]阿瓦尔人,xxiii-xxiv,xxviii,67,79,82,84-85,171-177各处,193,546注
Avicenna[人]阿维森纳,244
Ayamish[人]阿牙迷失,302
Ayas[地]剌牙思(拉齐卡),见Lajazzo
Aydin[地]艾登,449,451,452
Ayil(camps)[专]阿寅勒,196
Ayman, aymaq(tribes or army corps)[专]爱马克(部,或军团),516,530
Ayoshka[地]阿约什卡,558注
Ayuka[人]阿玉奇,522
Ayurparibhadra[人]爱育黎拔力八达,见Buyantu
Ayurshiridhara[人]爱猷识礼达腊,324,325,502
Ayyub[人]阿优布,541
Ayyubids[朝]阿尤布王朝,189,261,359-365各处
Azerbaijan[地]阿塞拜疆(阿哲儿拜占),151,155,158,169,240,245,260,261,262,263,309,315,334,339,359,361,366,368,389,390,398,405,429,430,437,456,458,459,461,462
'Aziz, al-[人]阿尔·阿吉兹,360
Azov (town)[地]亚速(城)(参看塔那),见Tana
Azov, Sea of[地]亚速海,15,79,80,172,173,176,177,181,182,246,407,436
Baalbek[地]巴勒贝克,447
Ba'arin[族]八邻部,194,202,218,599注
Ba'atur(as title)[专]巴阿秃儿(称号),194,222
Ba'atur (Ba'atur-khongtaiji)[人]巴图尔洪台吉,523,526,540
Babulsar[地]麦什德·萨尔,见Meshed-i-Sar
Baber[人]巴布尔,417,464,482,483,484,497,498
Babur-mirza[人]巴布儿·米儿咱,460,461
Babylon[地]巴比伦,7,9
Bachanak[人]佩彻涅格人,见Petchenegs
Bacninh[地]北肮,290
Bactra (Balkh)[地]巴尔赫,巴里黑城,xxi,40,68,85;参见Balkh (city)
Bactria (Balkh; Ta-hsia; Tokharistan)[地]巴克特里亚(大夏,吐火罗斯坦),xxii,28-32各处,51,67-71各处,82-83,85,93,172;参见Balkh (region);Tokharistan
Badai[人]把带,210
Badakhshan (Badascian)[地]巴达克山,65,69,70,71,305,312,340,346,409,411,414,542
Badi'az-Zeman[人]巴迪·匝曼,465,481
Badma Sambhava[人]巴德马沙布黑威,629注
Badr ad-Din Lulu[人]别都鲁丁卢卢,263-264,359,366
Baga-tarkhan[人]莫贺达干,115,566注
Baghatur(as title)[专]巴哈秃儿(称号),194
Baghdad[地]巴格达,报达,151,355-356,357,359,367,368,389,390,397,420,426,429,430,433,434,435,450,456,458,462
Baghdad,caliphate[朝]巴格达哈里发朝,参看阿拔斯王朝,见Abbasids
Bägi(as title)[专]别乞(称号),195
Bagrach, Lake (Bagrach Kol)[地]博斯腾湖,46,424
Bagrat V[人]伯格拉特五世,430
Bahmanids[朝]巴赫曼小苏丹国,444
Bahram Chobin[人]巴赫拉姆·楚宾,85,141
Bahram Gor[人]巴赫拉姆·哥尔,67-68
Bahram-shah[人]巴赫拉姆沙赫,159
Bai[地]拜城,426,492,497
Baibars[人]拜巴斯,364,366,370,398
Baibuqa[人]台不花,见Taibuqa
Baida, al-[地]拜达城(参看伊提尔),见Itil
Baidar (Peta)[人]拜答儿,264,266
Baidarik[地]拜塔里克河,536,581注
Baidu[人]拜都,377,378
Baiju[人]拜住,263,271,281,282,347,348,349,350,355,359,361,596注
Baikal, Lake[地]贝加尔湖,xxii,xxvi,xxvii,25,114,192,194,205,208,479,503,504,507,544注
Bailey, H. W.[人]贝利,30
Baiqara[人]拜哈拉,456,457,458
Bairam Khwaja[人]拜拉姆·瓦加,391
Baishing[地]板升,629注
Baitistan (Great Pulu)[族]巴蒂斯坦,大勃律,118
Bajazet (Bayezid; Bayazid)[人]巴耶塞特,435,448,450-451,452
Bajazet II[人]巴耶塞特二世,483
Bäk-chor[人]默啜,见Mo-ch'o
Bakhchisarai (Qirq-yer)[地]巴赫切萨拉伊,471,475
Bäki(as title)[专]别乞(称号),195
Bala (活跃于1222)[人]八剌(札剌儿部那颜),242
Bala (Bela;活跃于1252)[人]八拉,330
Baladitya[人]槃罗迭多,71
Balaklava[地]巴拉克拉瓦,406
Balamir (Balamber)[人]巴拉米尔(巴拉贝尔),38,73
Balanjar[地]巴伦加尔,180
Balasagun[地]八拉沙衮,133,144,145,147,164-165,233,234,236,312
Balc[地]巴里黑城,巴尔赫,见Balkh (city)
Baljuna[地]班朱尼河,211,415,583注
Balkan Mountains[地]巴尔干山脉,175,176,184-185
Balkh (city; Balc)[地]巴尔赫城,巴里黑城(参看巴克特里亚),116,142,143,146,166,240,243,305,312,340,346,409,411,412,414,415,431,456,457,460,461,481,485,486,487;参见Bactra
Balkh (region)[地]巴尔赫地区(参看巴克特里亚和吐火罗斯坦),117,153,160,414;参见Bactria; Tokharistan
Balkhash, Lake (Atrek-Kul)[地]巴尔喀什湖,xxiii, 53,55,67,72,80,95,113,114,115,119,120,148,234,238,255,270,275,277,326,335,424,425,480,489,507,508,522,531
Baltic[地]波罗的海,395
Bamian[地]巴米安,范延,50-51,97,167,241,271,329,334
Baniyas[地]巴尼亚斯,363
Banjara[人]班家拉,629注
Baqi Muhammad[人]巴基·穆罕默德,486
Baraghun-ghar (bara'un-gharorqar; barun-ghar; right or west wing)[专]右翼军,223,509,629注
Baranduk[人]巴兰都黑,480
Baraq (Ghiyath ad-Din)[人]八剌,292,327,332,333-334,369,401,606注
Bara'un-ghar (qar)[专]右翼军,见Baraghun-ghar
Barca[人]别儿哥,见Berke
Barchuq[人]巴而术,233,234,238,329-330
Bardhaa[地]巴尔德哈,437
Barghu (Barghuchin; Barquchin; Barqujin)[地]八儿忽真隘,205,208,582注
Bar Hebraeus[人]巴赫布拉攸斯,191,362,367,377,396
Barkiyaruk[人]巴尔基雅鲁克,155
Barkol[地]巴里坤,42,48,55,126,536,538
Bar Kol, Lake[地]巴里坤湖,47,126,569注
Barla[族]巴鲁剌部,见Barula
Barlas[人]巴鲁剌思部哈吉,见Hajji Barlas
Barnaoul[地]巴尔瑙尔,525
Baroghil Pass[地]巴罗吉尔山口,119
Barquchin, Barqujin[地]八儿忽真隘,见Barghu
Barquq[人]贝尔孤格,433,434,441,446-447
Barsa-bolod[人]巴尔斯博罗特,509,510
Bartan-ba'atur[人]把儿坦巴阿秃儿,198
Bartatua[人]巴塔图亚,8-9
Barthold, V. V.[人]巴托尔德,113,120,126,145,149,154,165,179,181-182,194,195,198,201,222,238,239,253,272,275,277,328,333,341,377,380,395,397,400,407,421,440,441,442,479,480,525,531
Barula (Barla)[族]巴鲁剌部,194
Barun-ghar[专]右翼军,见Baraghun-ghar
Bashkirs[族]巴什基尔人,403,472,522,576注
Basil II (Byzantine emperor)[人](拜占庭皇帝)巴西尔二世,182
Basil II (the Blind; Russian ruler)[人](罗斯统治者,瞎子)巴西尔二世,470
Basil III (Vasili Ivanovich; Russian ruler)[人](莫斯科大公,瓦西里·伊凡诺维奇)巴西尔三世,473
Basmil[族]拔悉蜜,112,113,569注,588注
Basra[地]巴士拉,315,458
Bastarnae[族]巴斯塔尔尼人,72-73
Batchman[人]八赤蛮,264
Bateni[地]巴捷尼,18
Battle of the Marshes[专]麦什德之战,412
Battle tactics[专]战术,9,23,24,74-75,224-226,228,229,242-243,245,283;artillery,529,530,540,625注;大象,use of,290,308,339,340,445,447,451,572注;火器,530,532,540;骑兵射手,7,8,23,75,223,224,553注-554注;围攻机械,283,287,450
Batu (Sain-khan)[人]拔都(赛恩汗),254,264-276,281,282,350,392-396,512,594注,596注
Bayan (活跃于582)[人]巴颜,173-174
Bayan (活跃于650)[人]巴颜(保加尔人首领),176
Bayan (Nayan; 1301-09)[人]伯颜(白帐汗),335,403
Bayan (Po-yen;活跃于1276)[人]伯颜(将领),286,287,292,294,599注
Bayan (死于1340)[人](权臣)伯颜,323
Bayan-chor[人]默延啜,见Mo-yen-cho
Bayan Selduz[人](速勒都思部)巴颜,343,345,346,409,410
Baya'ut[族]伯牙吾惕,194
Bayazid, Bayezid[人]拜牙即(迷里拜牙即)见Bajazet; Mir Bayezid
Bayirku[族]拔野古,109,110
Bayisangghur[人]巴义山格呼儿,629注
Baysonqor (Baysonkur)[人]拜孙哈尔,464
Begjik[人]别克吉,411
Beha ad-Din (Beha ad-Din Muhammad)[人]贝哈哀丁,367,609注
Beha ad-Din Marghinani[人]火者·巴海乌丁,329
Beha ad-Din Razi[人]贝哈哀丁拉齐,588注
Beit Abe[地]拜特·阿比,357
Bek(mayor of the palace)[专]伯克(宫廷侍长),577注
Bekter[人]别克台尔,199,200
Béla IV (of Hungary)[人](匈牙利王)贝拉四世,266,267
Bela[人]八拉,见Bala
Bela Vezha, Belaya Vezha[地]白城(沙克尔),见Sarkel
Belgrade (Singidunum)[地]贝尔格莱德(辛吉杜蒙),76,174
Belgutai[人]别里古台,199,293
Belisarius[人]伯里沙留斯,79
Belor[人]波罗,见Bolor
Benaket[地]别纳客忒,238,338
Benedict XII, Pope[人]本尼狄克十二世,304,319,341-342,404
Benedict de Goës[人]鄂本笃,500
Bengal[地]孟加拉,70,444
Benveniste, Émile[人]贝文尼斯特,10
Berdibeg[人]别儿迪别,405
Berke (Barca)[人]别儿哥,264,265,274,305,332,363,365,366,369,394,397-400各处,420,615注
Berkejar[人]别儿克贾,333,401
Besasiri[人]贝撒希瑞,151
Berry (France)[地]贝里(法国),178
Beshbaligh (Dzimsa; Kiu-shih; Kucheng; Peiting)[地]别失八里(吉木萨,车师,古城,北庭),42,44,46,47,48,95,100,112,113,114,125,126,144,164,197,233,272,282,305,312,326,327,329,330,331,335,351,400,569注
Bessarabia[地]比萨拉比亚,4,9,174
Beth Garmai[地]伯斯卡迈,368
Beya[地]别亚,18
Bezeklik[地]伯子克力克,52,96,98,124
Bhamo[地]八莫海峡,290,308
Bhanugupta[人]巴奴芨多,70
Bhatnair[地]帕特奈尔,444
Bichura[地]比丘拉,558注
Bichurskoye[地]比楚尔斯科雅,551注
Bihar[地]比哈尔,70;参见Magadha
Bihzad[人]毕赫札德,465
Bilgä(as title)[专]必勒格,195
Bilik(“sayings”)[专]必里克(箴言),221
Bilqas[地]比勒加斯,362
Binhdinh[地]平定,290,309
Birar[族]比拉尔族,515
Birecik[地]比雷吉克,361
Birkeh-i Gurian[地]比耳哈·古里安,423
Bistam[地]比斯坦,390
Bithynia[地]比萨尼亚,385,452
Bitlis[地]比德里思,262
Black Irtysh[地]黑额尔齐斯河,也儿的石河,也儿的石河上游,82,190,255,312,338,424,425,479,510,512,523,525,537
Black Sea[地]黑海,8,73,173,177,185,268,276,374,392,405
Black Sheep[朝]黑羊王朝,见Qara-Qoyunlu
Bleda[人]布勒达,75
Blue Mongols (Kökä Mongol)[专]蓝蒙古人,或青蒙古人,xxv,585注
Blue Turks (Kök Türk)[专]蓝突厥人,或青突厥人,86,585注;参见T'u-chüeh
Bocolabras (shaman; sorcerer)[宗]男巫,172
Bodi (Bodi-khan)[人]博迪汗,510
Bodunchar[人]孛端察尔,193
Bögä(shaman)[宗]巫师,172,195
Bogdo Ala[地]博格达拉山,95
Bogdo-khan[人]土谢图汗,见Tushetu-khan
Boghorchu[人]博儿术,见Bo'orchu
Boghul (slaves; vassals)[专]孛斡勒(奴隶、属臣),195,222
Bögü[人]匐俱,110
Bogurji[人]博儿术,见Bo'orchu
Bohemia[地]波希米亚,175
Bohemund VI[人]波赫蒙德六世,360,361,362,363
Boibeghus Ba'atur[人]拜巴噶斯巴图尔,523
Bokhan[人]波汗,85,173
Boleslav IV[人]博列思老四世,266
Boleslav V (the Chaste)[人](贞洁者)博列思老五世,399
Bolgar (town; Bolgarskoye; Bolgary; Uspenskoye)[地]保加尔人的城市(今波尔加利,乌斯平斯科伊),264,393,401,594注
Bolgars[族]保加尔人,见Bulgars
Bolgarskoye, Bolgary[地]波尔加利城,见Bolgar (town)
Bolghai[人]孛鲁合,275,285,286
Bolkhojinong[人]博勒呼济农,509
Bolod (活跃于1285)[人]孛罗(丞相),304,378,381
Bolod (约1407-12)[人]不剌汗,见Pulad
Bolod (place)[地]普拉德,见Pulad
Bolod Temür[人]孛罗帖木儿,324
Bolor (Belor)[地]波罗,306
Bon-posorcery[宗]本教,523
Bonus[人]波鲁斯,174
Bo'orchu (Boghorchu; Bogurji)[人]博儿术,200,206,210,223,589注
Boraqchin[人]博剌克斤,397
Boraq Hajjib[人]霍吉勃博剌克,260,353
Bordeaux[地]波尔多,375
Bordei-Herastrau[文]波德·希拉斯特安文化,6
Boris[人]鲍里斯,177
Borjigin[族]孛儿只斤部,193,199-200,207,217,505
Bor Nor[地]贝尔湖,捕鱼儿湖,192,198,203,210,502,510,529
Borodino[地]博罗季诺,4
Boroqul[人]博罗浑,206,210
Borotala[地]博罗塔拉,102,554注
Borovka, G. I.[人]波罗夫卡,14,16
Börte[人]孛儿帖,200,201,218,219,220,394
Börte-cino[人]孛儿帖公主,554注
Bosporus (city)[地]博斯普鲁斯城,见Panticapaeum
Bosporus (strait)[地]博斯普鲁斯海峡,174,175
Bosporus, Cimmerian[地]博斯普鲁斯,见Cimmerian Bosporus
Boucher, Guillaume[人]布歇,纪尧姆,280,281
Bronze age[专]铜器时代,4-5,6
Brussa[地]布鲁萨,见Bursa
Buchin[人]布金,334
Budaq[人]沙·布达克,481
Buddha (Buddha Sakyamuni; Sagamoni Burcan)[宗]佛陀,308;relics, 298,308,533
Buddhagupta[人]佛陀笈多,70,71
Buddhism[宗]佛教(参见喇嘛教),xxiii,32,48,49,51,60,63,65,66,70,95,96,98,99,101,111,118,125,220,237,275,276,277,290,297-300,327,367,379,383,527,628注;和尚,602注;翻译文本49,59,96,97,124,299;道人,597注,602注;参见Lamaism
Buddhist art[文]佛教艺术,48-53,64,65,70,96-99,122,124
Buerova Mogila[人]布诺瓦,16
Bug (river)[地]布格河,5,10,392
Bughra-khan Harun[人]博格拉汗哈仑,144,145,147
Bughra Sali Tutuq[人]博格拉·萨利·吐吐克,568注
Bugur[地]布吉尔,344
Bujai[人]布贾,386
Bukhara[地]布哈拉,不花剌(城),96,116,117,118,120,141,142,144,145,146,147,149,165,168,169,239,243,244,254,255,305,326,327,328,332,333,335,340,344,345,370,412,413,438,464,465,481,483-489,496,498,531,540
Bukharia[地]布哈拉地区,486,526
Bukovina[地]布科维纳,4
Bulaji (Puladshi)[人]播鲁只,344,422
Bulan[人]布兰可汗,577注
Bulat (Pulad)[人]布拉特,532
Bulgaria[朝]保加利亚国,178,268,402,403,449;Great Bulgaria,176
Bulgarians (Bulgars)[族]保加利亚人(保加尔人),399,402
Bulgar language[文]保加尔语,577注
Bulgars (Bolgars)[族]保加尔人,保加利亚人,xxviii,174,175-176,177,185,186,247,264,392,393,441
Buluk[地]布鲁克,549注
Bumin (T'u-men)[人]布明(土门),81,82,86
Bunchagan, Lake[地]布察干湖,581注
Buqa Timur[人]不花帖木儿,355
Burgas[地]布尔加斯,174,177
Burgundians[族]勃艮第人,56,60,449
Burgundy[地]勃艮第,178
Burhan ad-Din[人]布汉哀丁,391,449
Burhan ad-Din (Great Khoja)[人]包尔汉丁(大和卓),541-542
Büri (活跃于1240)[人]不里,264,265,275,607注
Büri (活跃于1270)[人]不里,334,338,607注
Buri-bökö[人]不里孛阔,204
Buri-tigin (Tamgatch-khan)[人]贝里特勤,147,572注
Burma (Mien)[地]缅甸,290-291,308
Burni[人]布尔尼,519-520
Burqan Qaldun[地]不儿罕合勒敦山(肯特山),见Kentei
Bursa (Brussa)[地]布鲁萨,420,451
Burut[族]喀喇吉尔吉斯,见Kara-Kirghiz
Buscarel de Gisolf[人]布斯卡尔,375,376
Bushang[地]布格申,427
Butkhanaha(pagan temples)[地]异教寺庙,359
Bu'ura[地]布拉河(不兀剌川),201
Buyang-ghulai[人]布颜格呼赖,629注
Buyan-quli[人]巴颜合里,343
Buyan Shiban[人]布颜昔班,301
Buyan Temür[人]卜颜帖木儿,325
Buyantu (Ayurparibhadra)[人]普颜笃(爱育黎拔力八达),321,340
Buyids[朝]布威朝,143,150-151,152,153,354-355
Buyiruq[人]不亦鲁,205,208,215,584注
Buyur, Lake[地]捕鱼儿湖,206
Buzar[人]布札儿,234,235
Byskar[地]拜什卡尔,558注
Bytom[地]比托姆,399
Byzantine Empire[朝]拜占庭帝国,57,62,82-85,153,172,173-175,177,179-180,182,184,186,385,399,401,402,452
Byzantium[地]拜占庭,参看君士坦丁堡,见Constantinople
Cacianfu[地]河间府,见Hokien
Caesarea[地]凯撒里亚,154,273,349
Caffa (Feodisiya)[地]喀发(费奥多西亚),319,342,403,404,405,407,471,472,473
Cahen, G.,[人]卡亨,402
Cahun, Léon[人]卡洪,224,247
Cail (Kayal)[地]卡亚尔,311
Cailac[地]海押立,见Qayaligh
Cairo[地]开罗,364,387
Caitan, Çaiton[地]刺桐,(泉州),见Chüanchow
Cambaluc[地]汗八里,(北京),见Peking
Cambay, Gulf of[地]坎贝湾,309
Cambodia[地]柬埔寨(高棉),见Khmer
Campiciu[地]甘州,见Kanchow (Kansu)
Campsay[地]杭州,见Hangchow
Campus Mauriacus[地]莫里亚库斯驻地,76
Camul[地]哈密,见Hami
Cansay[地]杭州,见Hangchow
Canton (Sincalan)[地]广州(辛迦兰),287,290,305,308,309-310,315,323,324,518,605注
Cappadocia[地]卡帕多细亚,8,9,154,155,157,370,391,449
Carachoço[地]哈剌火州(吐鲁番),见Turfan
Caragian (kingdom)[朝]云南国,见Yunnan
Caragian (town)[地](云南;大理城)哈剌章,见Tali
Caraian[朝]云南(王国),见Yunnan (kingdom)
Caramoran[地]黄河,见Yellow River
Caria[地]卡里亚,452
Carl, Jean[人]J.卡尔,51
Carnatic[地]卡纳蒂克,311
Carnuntum,[地]卡农图姆,175
Carolingians[族]加洛林王朝人(也参看查理曼),60,158,178;参见Charlemagne
Carpathian Mountains[地]喀尔巴阡山脉,73,75,176,177
Carpini[人]迦儿宾,见Piano Carpini
Cascar[地]喀什城,见Kashgar
Casimir IV (of Poland)[人](波兰的)卡西米四世,470
Caspian Sea[地]里海,8,93,185,245,400,508,521,523,525
Catalonia[地]加太罗尼亚,74
Cathay[地]契丹,306,309
Catherine II (of Russia)[人](俄国的)叶卡捷琳娜二世,477
Catholic Church[宗]天主教教会,见Christianity条下
Cattaro[地]科托尔,见Kotor
Caucausus[地]高加索,6,8,9,11,176,181,240,246,263,366,376,392,397,419,433,442,522
Cavalry[专]骑兵,见Archers,mounted;Horse
Ceylon[地]锡兰国,298,308,311,315
Chaban[地]佛誓,见Vijaya
Chadak[地]哈达克,488
Chagan[人]察罕,223
Chagan (Zagan; Andrew)[人]察甘,376
Chagatai[人]察合台,见Jagatai
Chaghan[人]察罕,259
Chaghan-ordo[朝]白帐汗国(查罕·斡耳朵),见White Horde
Chaghan Tatar[族]察罕塔塔儿部,207-208
Chaghan Temür[人]察罕帖木儿,323,324
Chagri-beg[人]查基尔拜格,150
Chagri-khan Jalal ad-Din[人]恰格里汗·贾拉尔·阿德·丁,574注
Chahar (people)[族]察哈儿人,509-514,517,519,530,538,629注
Chahar (place)[地]察哈尔,xxii,xxv,25,164,285,288,507,516
Chaka (Jeku)[人]术客,402,403
Chakravartin(as title)[宗]查克拉瓦蒂(佛教词汇中为“宇宙之君主”),298
Chalcedon[地]卡尔西登,174
Chalish[地]察力失(焉耆,喀拉沙尔),见Kara Shahr
Chäm (Jäm)[地]剑河,584注
Champa (Ciamba; Cyamba)[朝]占婆,289-290,308,315
Champagne (region)[地]香巴尼地区,178
Chandrapida[人]真陀罗秘利,118-119
Chandu[地]上都府,见Shangtuho
Changan (Fengyuanfu; Kingchaofu; Qan-baliq; Quegianfu; Sera metropolis; Sian)[地]长安(京兆府),xxix,34,38,41,56,57,58,59,61,63,66,81,83,89,90,92,100,120,126,127,232,307,599注,604注,605注
Chang Ch'uen[人]张骞,30,34
Changchow[地]常州,287
Ch'ang-ch'uen[人]长春真人,见Kiou Ch'ang-ch'uen
Changchun[地]长春,516
Chang Hiao-sung[人]张孝嵩,117
Ch'ang Huei[人]常惠,37
Chang Kuei[人]张珪,299
Changping[地]昌平,107
Changsha[地]长沙,284,287
Chang Shih-ch'eng[人]张士诚,323,324
Chang Shih-ch'ung[人]张世忠,511
Chang Shih-kie[人]张世杰,287
Chang Shuen[人]张顺,287
Changteh[地]彰德(参看邺城),65,130,137,232;参见Ye
Chang-ti[人]汉章帝,42,44
Changyeh[地]张掖,35,41
Chan Kue[人]张贵,287
Chao[朝]赵国,20
Ch'ao (paper currency)[专]钞(纸币),297,310,377
Chao, Hou-[朝]后赵,见Hou-Chao
Chao, Ts'ien[朝]前赵,见Ts'ien-Chao
Chaochow[地]潮州,287
Chaochow[地]赵州,108
Chao Huei[人]兆惠,538,541
Chao Hung[人]赵珙,199
Chao K'uang-yin[人]赵匡胤(宋太祖),见T'ai-tsu
Chao Meng-fu, school of[文]赵孟頫瞓学派,223
Chao-modo[地]昭莫多,530
Chao Pao[人]赵彪,54
Chao Pao-ki (Li Ki-ts'ien)[人]赵保机(李继迁),132
Chao P'o-nu[人]赵破奴,35
Chao Ssu-wen[人]赵思温,129
Chao Tö-ming[人]赵德明,133
Chaoyang[人]朝阳,557注
Chao Yüan-hao[人]赵元昊,133
Chäpär[人]察八儿,295,335,336,338,384
Chapogir[族]恰波吉尔人,515
Charchan[地]车尔城,见Cherchen
Charin[地]察里恩河,460
Charkhlik[地]恰克里克城(参看罗不),见Lop
Charlemagne[人]查理曼,82,158,175
Charpentier, Jarl[人]查尔彭蒂尔,29,30
Cha'ur-bäki[人]察兀儿别吉,209
Chavannes, Édouard[人]沙畹,42
Che Ch'an[人]支谶,49
Che-che[人]致支,37,38,55,72
Che-che yun-tu, Mount[地]《元史》折折运都山,212
Chekiang[地]浙江,137,287,308,323,324,518
Che K'ien[人]支曜,49
Chenab[地]杰纳布河,446
Chenchow[地]镇巢,304,503,599注
Cheng Ki[人]郑吉,37
Ch'eng T'ang[人]陈汤,38
Chengting[地]正定,108,130,132,229
Chengtu (Sindufu)[地]兴都府,307,310,598注
Chenkiang (Cinghianfu)[地]镇江,137,139,302
Chen-kin (Chinkim)[人]真金,302,321
Ch'en Mu[人]陈睦,43,46
Chen-tsung[人]宋真宗,132,133
Ch'en Yu-liang[人]陈友谅,323,324
Cherchen (Charchan; Ciarcian)[地]车尔城,306
Cheremis[族]切列米斯人,472
Cherman[地]起儿漫,见Kerman
Chernigov[地]切尔尼戈夫,10,246,265
Chernoziom[地]切尔诺柔姆,547注
Chernyakhov[地]切尔尼亚霍夫,73
Chersonesus,85;[地]刻松城,参见Kherson
Chertomlyk[地]切尔托姆雷克,7,10,546注
Ch'eu Ou[人]崔瑀,599注
Chi[地]蓟(今天的北京),见Peking
Ch'i, Pei-[朝]北齐,见Pei-Ch'i
Chiangmai (Xiengmai; Pape)[地]清迈,291,600注
Chia Ssu-tao[人]贾似道,284,286
Ch'i-chia-p'ing[文]齐家坪文化,3
Chichow[地]池州,287
Ch'ien Han Shu[书]《前汉书》,21,29,30-31
Ch'ien-lung[人]乾隆,xxx,518,520,537,538-539,542
Chihli, Gulf of[地]直隶湾,14,230
Chihtan[地]志丹(保安),见Paoan
Chih Tao[人](傅安)之道,见Fu An
Chila'un[人]赤老温,200,206
Chilgerbökö[人]赤勒格儿力士,201
Chilperic[人]查尔帕里克,58
Chimbai[人]赤不拜,200
Ch'in[朝]秦朝,20,26-27
Chin (12th-13th cent.)[朝]金国,见Kin
Chin, Hou-[朝]后金,见Hou-Chin
Ch'in, Hou-[朝]后秦,见Hou-Ch'in
Ch'in, Hsi-[朝]西秦,见Hsi-Ch'in
Chin, northern or western[朝]晋(北晋或称西晋),54,55
Chin, southern or eastern[朝]晋(南晋或东晋),56-57
Ch'in Ts'ien-[朝]前秦,见Ts'ien-Ch'in
China, Republic of[朝]中华民国,323,519,529
China Sea[地]中国海,308
Chinaz[地]契纳兹,412
Chinggis-khan[人]成吉思汗,见Jenghiz Khan
Chingintalas[地]欣斤塔剌思,603注
Chingiz[地]青吉兹,215
Chin Huai-ti[人]晋怀帝,56
Chinkiang[地]镇江,287
Chinkim[人]真金,见Chen-kin
Chin Min-ti[人]晋愍帝,56
Chinqai[人]镇海,257,268,270,272,274,351
Ch'in Shih Huang-ti[人]秦始皇,20,26,101
Chintimur,[人]真帖木儿,351
Chios[地]希俄斯岛,452
Chirchik (Parak)[地]奇尔奇克河(帕拉克河),244,463,496
Chigirin[地]奇吉林,15
Chita[地]基塔,25,37,551注
Ch'iu-chiu-ch'ueh[人]邱就却,见Kujula Kadphises
Chiu Shih-ssu[人]瞿式耜,518
Chkalov[地]奥伦堡,见Orenburg
Chmielnik[地]赫梅尔尼克,266
Chochow[地]涿州,131,132,570注
Chofang[地]朔方,34-35
Chöl[族]沙陀,见Sha-t'o
Choligh-buqa[人]绰里吉不花,301
Chopan (Juban)[人]出班,385,387
Chormaghan (Chormaqan)[人]绰儿马罕,261-262,263,347-348,350,351,359
Choros (Olöt; Tsoros)[族]绰罗斯部,503,520-521,523-528各处,531,537,538,539,540;参见Oirat
Chosroes I Anoshirvan[人]库思老一世(阿奴细尔汪),82,83
Chosroes II Parviz[人]库思老二世(帕维兹),51,85,174
Chou, Hou-[朝]后周,见Hou-Chou
Chou, Pei-[朝]北周,见Pei-Chou
Chou Ta-kuan[人]周达观,291
Chowkowtien[地](北京)周口店,3
Christianity[宗]基督教,165,179,180,186,220,263,281,282,300,312,313-314,319,341-342,348,356-358,360,361,363,377,379,401,402,404;主教,300;参见Jacobites; Nestorianism
Chu[地]楚河,38,67,82,102,133,144,145,165,189,204,233,236,244,254,277,326,343,395,397,423,425,508
Chüanchow (Caitan; Caiton; Zayton)[地]泉州(刺桐),287,291,305,308,310,311,312,314,319,604注
Chuchow (Cugiu)[地]处州,308
Chufut-Kale[地]基尔基,见Kirki
Chuguchak[地]楚固恰克,xxiii,95,164,424,526
Ch'u-lo[人]处罗,89
Ch'u-mi[族],处蜜,100
Ch'u-mu-kuen[族]处木昆,115
Chumysh[地]楚麦什河,525
Chung[人]忠,43,45
Ch'ung-cheng[人]崇祯帝,517
Ch'ung-fu-ssu(government department)[专]崇福司,300
Chung-hei[人](金王)永济,140,227,230
Chunghing[地]中兴府(参看宁夏),见Ningsia
Chungli (Fengyang)[地]钟离(凤阳),65
Chungshan (Tingchow)[地]中山(今保定南部的定州),59,60
Chung-tu[地]中都(北京),见Peking
Chuong-duong[地]升隆,290
Chu Sho-fu[人]竺朔佛,49
Chuvash (people)[族]楚瓦什人,177,472,559注
Chuvash (mountain)[地]楚瓦什山,489
Chuvash language[文]楚瓦什语,577注,559注
Ch'u Wen[人]朱温,127
Chu Yüan-chang[人]朱元璋,见Hung-wu
Ch'u-yueh[族]处月部,见Sha-t'o
Cialis[地]察力失(喀拉沙尔),见Kara Shahr
Ciamba[地]占城,见Champa
Ciangli[地]滋阳,见Tsiyang
Cianglu[地]长卢,见Tsanglu
Ciarcian[地]车尔城,见Cherchen
Cilicia (Little Armenia)[地]西里西亚(小亚美尼亚),8,9,263,264,269,271,281-282,305,312,347,360,361,362,363,370,371,379,382,384
Cimmerian Bosporus[地]辛梅里安人的博斯普鲁斯,xxvi,18,25,39
Cimmerians[族]辛梅里安人,v,4-5,6,8,9,10,11,25,545注
Cinghianfu[地]镇江,见chenkiang
Circassia[地]塞卡西亚,376,442
Circassians[族]契尔克斯人,246
Clavijo[人]克拉维约,453
Clement V, Pope[人](教皇)克力门五世,314,384
Clovis[人]克洛维,63
Coal, mining of[专]煤矿,309
Cocachin[人]阔阔真,见Kökächin
Coigangiu[地]淮安,见Hwaian
Coilum[地]奎隆,见Quilon
Colchis[地]科尔奇斯,8
Confederates[族]卫拉特人,见Oirat
Confucianism[宗]儒教,64,299,300
Confucius[人]孔子,64
Constantine V[人]君士坦丁五世,177
Constantine VII (Porphyrogenitus)[人]君士坦丁七世,177,178,182,577注
Constantine X (Ducas)[人]君士坦丁十世,185
Constantine Diogenes[人]康士坦丁·台吉勒斯,182
Constantine Tych (of Bulgaria)[人]君士坦丁泰奇,399
Constantinople (Byzantium)[地]君士坦丁堡(拜占庭),xxviii,xxix,56,57,174,176,182,184,276,319,374,399,449,452,453,533
Cordier, Henri[人]考狄尔,316
Corlu[地]乔尔卢,184
Costume[专]服饰,7,8,20,21,51,52,74,97-98,124,223
Cotan[地]于阗(和田),见Khotan
Council of Lyons[专]路易斯宗教委员会,370
Courant, Maurice[人]考朗特,510,515,526,531,532
Coyat[人]科亚特,277
Cracow[地]克拉科夫,266,399
Crimea[地]克里米亚,13,15,39,73,85,180,182,247,276;热那亚和威尼斯银行家,247,312,374,403-407,442,471;汗国,470,471,472,473,475,477;可萨里亚,180,314,401,403
Croatia[地]克罗地亚,267
Croats[族]克罗地人,175
Cromerus[书]《克罗麦鲁斯编年史》,399
Crusades and crusaders[专]十字军,245,246,349,449,451,452;参见Jerusalem
Csanad[地]琼纳德,266
Csongrad[地]琼格拉德,176
Csuny[地]琼尼,176
Ctesiphon[地]泰西封,68
Cubuk[地]丘布克,451
Cucuteni[地]库库特尼,4
Cugiu[地]处州,见Chuchow
Cumanian language[文]库蛮语,280
Cumans[族]库蛮人,钦察人,见Kipchaks
Currency: coins[专]钱币(怯伯币,纸钞),380,393,401;硬币,341;纸币,297,310,377
Cyamba[朝]占婆,见Champa
Cyandu[地]上都府,见Shangtuho
Cyaxares[人]奇阿克撒列,9
Cyprus[地]塞浦路斯,281
Cyril, St.,[人]圣·西利尔,180
Cyrus[人]居鲁士,9
Dacia[地]达西亚,45,72,73
Dagestan[地]达吉斯坦,179,182
Daha[地]帕哈,见Kediri
Dahur[族]达呼尔族,515
Dai-Sechen[人]德薜禅,200,206
Dalai khan[人]达赖汗,524
Dalai Lama (Tale-Lama; as title)[专]达赖喇嘛,514,581注
Dalai Nor (Hulun Nor)[地]达赉诺尔(呼伦池),54,210,582注
Dalai taiji[人]达赖台吉,523
Dalmatia[地]达尔马提亚群岛,267
Damascus[地]大马士革,154,155,261,360,361,362,363,365,382,419,447-448
Damghan[地]达姆甘,240,428,461
Damietta[地]达米埃塔,245,373
Damna[地]达蒙纳,41
Dandanaqan[地]丹丹坎,147,150
Dandan-Uilik[地]丹丹-乌里克,52,96
Daniel (of Galicia)[地](西里西亚的)丹尼勒,265,395,399
Danishmend (Muslim doctors)[专]达失蛮(回教僧侣),602注
Danishmend Behadur[人]答尼失蛮·巴黑都儿,385,386
Danishmendids[朝]丹尼什门德王朝,154
Danishmendiya[人]答失蛮察,343
Daniyal-khoja[人]丹尼雅尔和卓,528,541
Danube[地]多瑙河,4,72,74,75,76,78,79,148,173-178,181,182,184,185,267,268,295,399
Dao-tu Ki[人]陶子奇,290
Daquqa[地]达古格,245
Daritai (Daritai-noyan; Daritai-ochigin)[人]答力台-斡赤斤,202,208,212,213
Darius[人]大流士,9-10,23
Darja[人]达尔扎,537
Darqan (darqat; as title)[专]答儿罕(称号),222,586注-587注
Darugachi (daruqachi; official)[专]达鲁花赤(地方官),243,259
Daud[人]道特,149
Daulet Girei III[人]道勒特·格来,477
David (活跃于1248)[人]大卫,349
David Lasha[人]大卫·拉沙,269,272,350
David Narin[人]大卫·纳林,269,272,350
Dawaji (Tawaji)[人]达瓦齐,537,538
Dawud-khoja[人]达乌德火者,315,340,386
Dayan[人]达延汗,509-510,539,540
Dayan khan[人]达延汗,524
Dayir Usun[人]带儿兀孙,215
Daylam[朝]戴拉木王朝,355
Daxata[地]达克沙塔,41
Dbus[地]乌斯藏,524
Deccan[地]德干高原,69,311,444
Delhi[地]德里,242,260,339,341,417,419,420,443,444,445,446
Denev[地]德勒夫,10
Dengizich (Dinzigich)[人]顿吉兹奇(丁兹吉克),78-79
Denha[人]腆合,304
Denha, Mar[人]马·德赫,见Mar Denha
Derbent[地]打耳班,8,246,281,282,366,369,376,398,430,437,441
Derestuisk[地]德瑞斯特斯克,25,37
Dervish[人]德尔维希,475
Desna[地]德斯纳河,11
Dewatdar[专]副掌印官,357
Dilshad Agha[人]迪勒沙·阿哈,423
Dimitrii Donskoi[人]德米特里·顿斯科伊,405-406,407
Dinzigich[人](顿吉兹奇)丁兹吉克,见Dengizich
Dio Cassius[人]狄奥卡修斯,547注
Diyarbakir (Amid)[地]迪亚巴克尔,261,262,263,360,433,456,459,462
Dizful[地]迪兹富勒,432
Djaylak[地]迪杰拉克,见Jaylak
Djenkshi[人]靖克失汗,见Jenkshi
Dnieper[地]第聂伯河,4,10,73,177,178,181,182,246,392,402,471
Dniester[地]德聂斯特河,72,73,268,392,407,436
Doab[地]多阿布,69,443,444
Dobrogea (Dobruja)[地]多布罗加,78
Dobun-mergen[人]朵奔蔑儿干,193
Dolonnor[地]多伦诺尔,上都府,见Shangtuho
Don[地]顿河,72,73,80,172,178,180,181,312,392,402,404,406,441,442,471,472,522
Donets[地]顿涅茨河,392,402
Dongkur Manjusri khutukhtu[人]惇果尔文殊师刊呼图克图,514
Donskoi, Dimitrii[人]德米特里·顿斯科伊,见Dimitrii Donskoi
Doquz-khatun[人]脱古思可敦,356,357,358,361,367
Dörben[族]朵儿边部,见Dörböt
Dörben Oirat[族]杜尔本·卫拉特,见Oirat
Dörben Qoriya (Wang)[族]“四圈”旗,郡王部,511
Dörböt (Dörben; Dörböd; Turbet)[族]杜尔伯特,194,206,207,208,213,503,520,523,525,527,537,538;参见Oirat
Drangiana[地]德兰吉亚那,31
Dristra (Durostorum; Silistra)[地]锡利斯特拉,xxiv,184
Drosakhe[地](希腊地理学家们的)酒泉,41
Dughlats (Duqlats)[族]杜格拉特人,344,412,422,425,453,459,463,491-495,497,498,499
Dukhtar-i-Noshirvan[地]杜克塔-依-奴细尔汪,51
Dülün-Boldaq[地]跌里温盘陀山,199
Dunapentele[地]杜纳彭特勒,176
Duqaq Timuryaligh[人]杜卡克·帖木耳雅里赫,148
Duqlats[族]杜格拉特人,见Dughlats
Dürbäljïn(square script)[文]都尔巴金字(方块字),298
Durbelji[族]杜尔伯斤,25,549注
Dungan[族]东干人,538
Dürlükin[族]都儿鲁斤部,194
Durostorum[地]锡利斯特拉,见Dristra
Dust Muhammad[人]笃思忒·马黑麻,461,463,493
Duwa[人]都哇,294,295,303,334,335-336,338,339,384,403
Duwa-Timur[人]笃来帖木儿,341
Dzasagtu-khan (khanate)[人]扎萨克图汗,512
Dzasagtu-khan (person)[人]扎萨格图汗,见Shara; Subati
Dzhambul[地]江布尔(塔拉斯城),见Talas (town)
Dzimsa[地]济木萨(别失八里)见Beshbaligh
Dzungar (Jungar)[族]准噶尔人(也名卡尔梅克人),501,512,520,525-539各处,541,630注,参见Kalmucks; Oirat
Dzungaria[地]准噶尔地区,82,89,102,114,479,521,524,536,537,538,542
Eastern Roman Empire[朝]东罗马帝国,拜占庭帝国,见Byzantine Empire
"East Iranian" language[文]东伊朗语,xxiii, 29,40,49,96
Ebejesu[人]伊伯杰苏,191
Ebi Nor[地]艾比湖,102,331,344,491
Ebuskun[人]也速伦,329
Ecbatana[地]埃克巴坦那(哈马丹),见Hamadan
Edeco[人]埃德科,78
Edessa[地]埃德沙,361
Edward I (of England)[人](英格兰的)爱德华一世,370,371,375,376
Edward II (of England)[人](英格兰的)爱德华二世,384
Egrigain[地]宁夏,见Ningsia
Egypt[朝]埃及王朝(参看马木路克朝),355,359,364,365,参见Mamelukes (dynasty)
Ekaterinburg[地]埃卡特林贝尔格,11,547注
Ekaterinoslav[地]埃卡特林罗斯拉夫,16
Ekaterinovka[地]埃卡特罗夫卡,548注
El[人]名,颉利,见Hie-li
Elbek[人]额勒伯克,503
Elephant,use in battle[专]战象,290,308,339,340,445,447,451,572注
Eleuthes[族]厄鲁特部,521
Elias, Ney[人]埃尼亚斯,423,497,500
Elizavetovskaya[地]伊里扎威托夫斯卡亚,13,15,16
Eljigidäi[人]野里知吉带,271,274
Eljigidäi[人]燕只吉带,341,348,349-350,586注
Ellac[人]埃拉卡,78
Elqutur[人]燕儿火脱,582注
Eltäbir (as title)[专]颉利发,565注
Elterish[人]颉跌利施(骨咄禄),见Qutlugh
Elya[人]也里牙,304
Emba[地]恩巴河,148,181,394,521
Emnedzar[人]恩勒德扎尔,78
Engels[地]恩格尔斯(波克罗夫斯克),见Pokrovsk
Enos[地]埃诺斯,184
Ephesus[地]以弗所,452
Ephtha (Ye-ta)[族]莚哒,67
Ephthalites (Hayathelites; Ye-tai; White Huns; Huna)[族]莚哒人(白匈奴人,厌带夷栗陀),65,67-72,80,82,172,173,193,217,417;参见Avars “Equius,”277
Eran[地]伊兰,71
Erbil[地]埃尔比勒,见Arbela
Ercis (Arjish)[地]阿尔吉斯,262
Erdeni[人]额尔德尼,见Irdana
Erdeni Dzu[地]额尔德尼昭寺庙,528
Eregli[地]埃雷利(参看赫拉克利庞蒂亚),见Heraclea Pontica
Erginul, Ergiuul[地]凉州(马可记法),见Liangchow
Eric (of Friuli)[人](弗留利大公)伊里克,175
Erinchin[人]额璘臣济农,517
Erkegüd[族]额尔克固特部,630注
Erke-khongor[人]额哲洪果尔,517
Erkene-qun[地]额儿古涅昆,193
Erke-qara[人]额尔客合剌,204,206,581注
Erküt[专]也里可温(近代写法),见Erqüt
Ermak[人]叶尔马克,489,490
Ermanarich[人]亥耳曼纳奇,73
Ermenak[地]埃尔梅内克山区,385
Ernac[人]埃尔纳克,78
Erqüt (Erküt)[专]也里可温的近代形式,602注
Erzerum[地]额尔哲鲁木城,263,430,449,450
Erzincan[地]埃尔津詹,261,263,281,382,430,449,450,462
Esen (Esen-taiji; Ye-hsien Taichi)[人]额森台吉,也先台吉,491,492,506,507,508,520
Esen-buqa (Esen-bugha)[人]也先不花,315,338-339,340,386
Esen-buqa II (Esen-bugha)[人]也先不花二世,460-461,480,492-493
Esen Temür (Yesen Temür; Essan-temur)[人]也先帖木儿,308
Eskisehir[地]埃斯基谢希尔,385
Essantemur[人]也先帖木儿,见Esen Temür
Essekü[人]额色库,504
Esztergom[地]埃斯泰尔戈姆城堡,见Gran
Eternal Heaven[宗]长生天,腾格里,见Tängri
Etsin Gol[地]额济纳河,36,212
Etzina[地](马可记哈拉霍屯城)额济纳,见Karakhoto
Eukratides[人]幼克拉蒂斯,29
Euphrates[地]幼发拉底河,295,361,365,371,385,446
Euphrosyne[人]欧菲柔细纳,400
Eurasia, Sea of[地]欧亚海,xxi
Eutychios[人]攸提开俄斯,84
Fadl Allah Rashid ad-Din Tabib[人]拉施特(法德尔·阿拉赫·拉施特),见Rashid ad-Din
Fakhr ad-Din Kert[人]法黑剌丁,380,385-386
Fancheng[地]凡城,287
Fang Kuo-chen[人]方国珍,323,324
Faraj[人]法赖吉,447
Fars[地]法尔斯,151,158,169,260,261,353,354,359,366,382,390,426,431,433,456,457,459,461
Fatimids[朝]法提玛王朝,154
Fedor (of Ryazan)[人](里亚赞的)费多尔,616注
Fedulovo[地]费杜罗沃,16
Fei-yang-ku[人]费扬古,530
Fenek[地]费内克,176
Fengsiang[地]凤翔,257
Fengyang[地]凤阳(钟离)见Chungli
Fengyüanfu[地]奉元府(长安),见Changan
Feodosiya[地]喀发,见Caffa
Fergana (Ta-yüan)[地]费尔干纳(大宛),xxii,8,28,29,36,40,43,48,116,117,142,144,234,344,423,426,438,463,464,482,486,488,492,494,496,497,498,554注
Fettich, Nandor[人]弗蒂奇·南朵尔(著有《战国》)67,176,“Fighting States,”见“Warring States”
Finance[专]财政,见Crimea, Genoese and Venetian bankers; Currency; Taxation
Finno-Ugrian Languages[文]芬兰-乌戈尔语,xxv
Finno-Ugrians[族]芬兰-乌戈尔种人,10-11,14,15,73,177,178
Firdausi[人]费尔多希,243
Five Hordes[族]五部落,56
Flor des estoires d'Orient[书]《海顿行纪》(参看海顿),见Hayton
Fokuru[地]富库鲁,8
Four Confederates[族]四同盟者,参看卫拉特,见Oirat
Four Garrisons[地]四镇(焉耆、喀什、于阗和库车),见Kara Shahr; Kashgar; Khotan; Kucha
“Four Tughri”[地]四塔沟里,551注,568注
Francesco da Podio[人]弗朗希斯科,319
Francis (of Alexandria)[人]弗朗希斯,342
Franks[族]法兰克人,56,60,62,173,174,175,178,359-360,364,371,449;参见Syria
Friuli[地]弗留利,174
Fu An (Chih Tao)[人]傅安(之道),353,459
Fu Chien[人]苻坚,59,300
Fuchow (Fugiu)[地]鄜州,232,287,305,308,311,518,603注
Fukien[地]福建,287,304,307,308,323,324,518
Fu-li(as title)[专]附离(称号),87
Fundukistan[地]法杜克斯坦,51
Funerary customs[专]葬礼,8,21,23,87,129,546注,591注
Fungchow[地]丰州,见Yülin
Fung Fung-shih[人]冯奉世,37
Fur trading[专]皮毛贸易,403
Fu-shö Sin[人]伏阇信,101
Fu-te[人]富德,542
Fu-ting[人]福定,603注
Gaikhatu[人]海合都,309,373,377,612注
Galatia[地]加拉底亚,157
Galdan[人]噶尔丹,525-531,540,541
Galdan Tsereng[人]葛尔丹策零,532,536-537,540,541
Galicia (Galich)[地]加利西亚(或加利奇),6,8,246,265,266,395
Galicia, Spanish[地](西班牙的)加利西亚,74
Galilee[地]加利利,364
Gandhara[地]犍陀罗,49,65,69,70,71
Gandharan art[文]犍陀罗艺术,48-49,64,70
Ganges[地]恒河,69,71,146,168,419
Ganja[地]刚加,151,263
Ganja-Karabakh[地]甘扎-卡拉巴克赫,5,545注
Gardizi[人]迦尔迪齐,177,185,549注
Garni[地]哈儿尼,见Karni
Gaul[地]高卢,63,74,76
Gaza[地]加沙,362,364
Gazaria[地]可萨尼亚,见Khazaria
Genoa[地]热那亚,374,375
Genoese:在希俄斯[族]热那亚人,452;在克里米亚,247,312,374,403-407,442,471;在特拉布松,374
George (1235-42)[人]阔儿吉思(乔治),见Körgüz
George (死于1298年)[人]阔里吉思,见Körgüz
George (son of 'Isä)[人]阔里吉思,304
Georgia (and Georgians)[地]格鲁吉亚,谷儿只,5,186,245,246,260,263,272,347,350,358,360,364,371,430,433,434,450
Georgios Tzoulos[人]乔治·佐勒斯,181
Gepidae[族]吉别达伊人,73,75,78,173
Ger (tents)[专]廓尔(帐篷),196
Gerard[人]格拉德,314
Geray[朝]格来王朝,见Girei
Gerbillon, Père[人]热比荣,631注
Geresandza (Geresandza Ochigin)[人]格森札斡惕赤斤,510,511
Germania[地]日耳曼尼亚,173,179
Germanic tribes[族]日耳曼部落,55,56,57,60,72-77,82,173,174,175;民族大迁徙,16,54
Gestes des Chiprois[专](提尔的)圣殿骑士,见Templar of Tyre
Getae[族]盖特人,548注
Ghajawan[地]加贾湾,484
Ghazan[人]合赞,309,373,376-383,396,613注
Ghazaniyeh[地]加赞尼耶,384
Ghaznavids,[朝]伽色尼王朝,xxvii, 143-147,149-150,159,167-168
Ghazni[地]加兹尼城,143,144,159,167-168,170,241,242,382,387,431
Ghiugiu[地]衢州,见Küchow
Ghiyath ad-Din (活跃于1174年)[人]吉雅斯·阿德丁,168
Ghiyath ad-Din (活跃于1224年)[人]嘉泰丁,260
Ghiyath ad-Din (活跃于1270年)[人]八剌,见Baraq
Ghiyath ad-Din Kert (活跃1307年)[人]嘉泰丁,386,387,389
Ghiyath ad-Din II Pir 'Ali[人]嘉泰丁二世皮儿·阿里,427
Ghor[地]古尔山区,167,168,352,382,427
Ghorids[朝]古尔王朝,167-168,236,339,352-353,574注
Ghurek (Ikhshedh Ghurek)[人]伊克谢德·胡拉克,116,117,118
Ghuta[地]姑塔,447
Ghuzz[族]古兹(参看乌古思),见Oghuz
Gilgit (Little Pulu)[族]吉尔吉特(小勃律),118,119
Gilotto[人]基罗托,342
Giorgi III Lasha[人]吉奥吉尔三世拉沙,245,260
Giorgi VI[人]乔治六世,434
Giovanni da Marignolli[人]约翰·马黎诺里,319,342,404
Giovanni da Montecorvino[人]约翰·孟德科维诺,302,313,314,317,318,319,605注
Girei (Geray)[朝]格来王朝,471,472,473,475,477
Girei, Hajji[人]哈吉·格来,见Hajji Girei
Girines[地]吉里勒斯,267
Gisolf, Buscarel de[人]布斯卡尔,见Buscarel de Gisolf
Gliadenovo[地]格里亚德罗夫,548注
Gobi Desert[地]戈壁滩,xxii,xxv,34,61,62,132,133,138,191,196,203,212,234,286,318,424,425,504,505,536;绿洲,参见Tarim
Godan[人]阔端,259,593注,595注
Godard, Madame[人]哥达德夫人,51
Göduk Ahmed-pasha[人]哥杜克阿赫麦德(帕夏),471
Goës, Benedict de[人]鄂本笃,见Benedict de Goës
Gokcha (Sevan),Lake[地]哥克察克湖(塞凡湖),348,430
Gold (people)[族]金人,515
Golden Horde (Altan-ordo; Altunordu)[朝]金帐,参看钦察汗国,395-407,419,420,436,440,441,452,469-471,479;参见Batu; Kipchak khanate
Görgüz[人]阔里吉思,见Körgüz
Gorki[地]下诺夫哥罗德(高尔基),见Nizhni Novgorod
Gorodcheskaya[地]哥罗切斯卡亚,558注
Gorodets[地]戈罗杰茨,470
Goshi[人]完颜希尹,见Wan-yen Wu-shih
“Gothia”[地]哥特人之地,406
Goths[族]哥特人(吉别达伊人,东哥特人,西哥特人),16,56,73;参见Gepidae; Ostrogoths; Visigoths
Gran (Strigonium; Esztergom)[地]格兰城堡,267
Grand Canal[地]大运河,309,310
Great Armenia[地]大亚美尼亚,263,430,433
Great Bulgaria[朝]大保加利亚国,176
Great Horde (Ulu-jüz)[朝]大帐(参看吉尔吉斯-哈萨克人),480,488,499,526,532,625注,参见Kirghiz-Kazakhs
Great Moravia[朝]大摩尔维亚,175,178
Great Pulu[朝]大勃律,见Baitistan
Great Wall (of China)[地]长城,xxiv,20,26,34,61,80,85,227,324,507,514,540
Great Yüeh-chih (Ta Yüeh-chih)[族]大月氏,29
Greco-Buddhist art[文]希腊-佛教艺术,48-49,50,52,96,99;参见Gandharan art
Greco-Roman art[文]希腊-罗马艺术,16,18,39,48
Greco-Scythian art[文]希腊-斯基泰艺术,8,13,15,18
Gregory X, Pope[人](教皇)格列高利十世,307,308-309,370,371
Gregory (of Tours)[人](图尔的)格里戈利,174,575注
Grenard, Fernand[人]格纳德,190,194,223,245,482
Griaznov, M. P.[人]格里亚兹诺夫(使团),18
Grillo, Antonio[人]安东尼奥·格利洛,404
Guichard (of Cremona)[人](克里莫纳的)吉查德,348
Guilds[专]商会,309-310
Guillaume da Prato[人]纪尧姆·波拉特,319
Guillaume de Hévésy[人]纪尧姆·赫威塞,见Hévésy, Guillaume de
Guillaume de Munte[人]纪尧姆·蒙特,451
Guinzai[地]杭州,见Hangchow
Guiwarguis, Mar[人]马·基瓦古斯,见Mar Guiwarguis
Gujarat[地]吉莱特,32,444,445
Gün Biliktü Mergen[人]衮必里克墨尔根,510,511
Gupta[朝]芨多王朝,69,70
Gurbesu[人]古儿别速,212,214
Gurgan[地]古尔甘,390,464
Gurganj[地]玉龙杰赤(乌尔根奇),见Urgench
Gurjara[族]瞿析罗人,72
Gur-khan (as title)[专]古儿罕,165,206,233
Gur-khan (person)[人]菊儿罕,192,199,206,578注
Gushi khan[人]顾实汗,523,524,526
Gushu(banner; administrative division)[专]旗,517,530
Guy (Guillaume)de Longjumeau[人]盖依,273,349
Güyük[人]贵由,217,264,265,267-273,329,347,348,349,350,352,581注,595注,596注
Gwalior[地]瓜廖尔,71,146
Haband[地]哈本德,608注
Hackin, J.[人]哈辛,41,50,51-52,96
Hadda[地]哈达,52,99
Hafiz (活跃于1329年)[人]哈菲兹,390
Haidarmirza[人]海达尔·米儿咱,穆罕默德·海达尔二世,见Muhammad Haidar II
Hailar[人]海剌儿,255
Hailung[地]海龙,519
Hajji Barlas[人]巴鲁剌思部哈吉,343,345,409,410
Hajji Girei[人]哈吉·格来,471
Hajji Muhammad[人]哈吉·穆罕默德,487
Hajji-tarkhan[地]哈只·塔儿塞(阿斯特拉罕),见Astrakhan
Hakozaki (Hakata)Bay[地]博多(筥崎)湾,289
Halachar[地]兴庆府,132
Ha-li[人]阿力,见'Ali (活跃于1473年)
Hallong-osso[地]贺垅·欧沙,25
Hallstatt culture[文]哈尔希塔特文化,6,10,11
Hama[地]哈马城,362,442
Hamadan (Ecbatana)[地]哈马丹,40,155,158,167,240,245,246,355,359,426,433,456
Hami (Camul)[地]哈蜜(伊吾),xxii,42,55,64,83,85,89,95,166,305,312,400,453,494,495-496,497,499,507,528,531,536,537;参见Yiwu
Han (river)[地]汉水,138,227,258,282,287
Han, early[朝]前汉(西汉),xxx,13,25,26,27,34-38
Han, late (A. D. 25)[朝]东汉,xxiii,39,41-48,54
Han, late (947)[朝]后汉,见Hou-Han
Han, Pei-[朝]北汉,见Pei-Han
Han?ar, Franz[人]弗朗兹·汉卡,11
Hanchung (Nancheng)[地]汉中(南郑),58,258
Hanefites[宗]哈纳菲派(伊斯兰教派别),400
Hangchow (Campsay; Cansay; Guinzai; Khansa; Khanzai; Khingsai; Khinsa; Quinsai)[地]杭州,137,138,189,282,287,305,308,310,316,518,604注
Hankow[地]汉口,259,284,302
Hanoi[地]河内,284,290
Hanyang[地]汉阳,286,323
Han Yen-huei[人]汉延惠,129
Haran[地]哈兰,361
Harbin[地]哈尔滨,128,136,137,138,519
Hari Pushpa[人]诃黎布失毕,见Ho-li Pu-shih-pi
Harqasun[人]阿尔哈森,见Arghasun
Harun ar-Rashid[人]哈仑拉施特,181,241
Hasan 'Ali[人]哈散阿里,462
Hasan Brosh[人]哈森·布鲁希,356,360
hasan Buzurg (Hasan the Jelair)[人]大哈森·布朱儿(札剌儿部哈森),389,390
Hasan Küchük[人]小哈森·库楚克,389
Hasan-tigin[人]哈森特勤,159
Harsha[人](印度皇帝)戒日王,72
Ha-shen[人]罕慎,495-496
Hattin-sum[地]哈屯森,25
Hayathelites[族]莚哒人,见Ephthalites
Hayton (Hethum), Flor des estoires d'Orient[人]海顿,282,361,363,371,373,378
Hazrat Apak (Afak)[人]哈司剌·阿巴克(白山派首领),501,527,528
Hazrat Makhdumi Nura[人]哈司剌·马黑杜米·奴烈,500
Heaven[宗]长生天,腾格里,见Tängri
Hecatompylos (Shahrud)[地]赫卡托姆皮洛斯(和椟城),40
Hei-ssu[人]黑厮,304
Heliocles[人]赫利克勒斯,30
Hellenistic art[文]希腊艺术xxvi,12,18,25,39,48
Helmand[地]赫尔曼德河,428
Henry III (of Castile)[人]亨利三世,453
Henry I (of Cyprus)[人]亨利一世,271
Henry (of Silesia)[人]亨利,266
Heraclea Pontica (Eregli)[地]赫拉克利庞蒂亚(埃雷利),174
Heraclius[人]希拉克略,174,179
Herat[地]赫拉特,哈烈,也里,68,85,116,167,168,241,242,334,340,343,352,354,369,370,380,385,386,390,426,427,428,445,457,459,461,465,481-482,484,485,498
Herodian[人]赫洛店,84
Herodotus[人]希罗多德,8,9,10,21,23,392,545注-549注,552
Herrmann, Albert[人]赫尔曼·阿尔伯特,20,35,41,42,172,214
Herzfeld, E.[人]赫兹菲德,50
Hethum I[人]海屯一世,263,264,269,271,281-282,360,361,362,363
Hethum II[人]海屯二世,379,382
Hethum (monk)[人]海顿和尚,见Hayton
Heu Kiun-tsi[人]侯君集,98
Heves[地]赫淮什,8
Hévésy, Guillaume de[人]纪尧姆·赫威塞,xxv,576注
Hezarasp[地]赫扎拉斯普,159,488,521
Hie-li (El)[人]颉利,90,92
Hien[人]贤,43
Hierapolis[地]海俄拉城,见Menbij
Hieu-ch'u[族]休屠部,35
Himalayas[地]喜马拉雅,xxi
Hinchow[地]忻州,107
Hinduism[宗]印度教,315,417,443,445,446
Hindu Kush[地]兴都库什山,68,69,71,85,93,241,244,343,346
Hirado-shima[地]平卢岛,289
Hissar[地]喜萨尔,464,484
History of the Conqueror of the World[书]《世界征服者史》,见Juvaini
Hiu K'ang-tsung[人]许亢宗,134
Hizen[地]肥前省,289
Hochow (Hochwan)[地]合州(合川),284
Hochung (Puchow)[地]河中(浦州),137,233,257
Hochwan[地]合川(合州),见Hochow
Hojo Tokimune[人]北条时宗,289
Hokien (Cacianfu)[地]河间,130,132,137,229,230,308,604注
Ho K'iu-ping[人]霍去病,35
Ho Ko-tu-lu[人]合骨咄禄,见Alp Qutlugh
Ho-lien[族]赫连部,61
Holin[地]和林,见Karakorum
Ho-li Pu-shih-pi (Hari Pushpa)[人]诃黎布失毕,99-100,101
Ho-lo-ma[人]合剌,138,139
Ho-lu[人]贺鲁,102-103
Holwan[地]霍尔湾,169,355
Holy Land[宗]圣地,373-376;参见Crusades and crusaders; Jerusalem
Homs[地]霍姆斯,362,365,371,378,382,447
Honan[地]河南,4,57,58,59,61,65,137,138,227,232,255,257,258,259,283,517
Honoria[人]荷罗丽娅,76
Honorius IV, Pope[人](教皇)霍诺留斯四世,373,374
Hopei[地]河北,xxvi,3,19,25,54,57,58,59,60,65,106,108,127,128,129,131,136,137,138,164,229,230,232,284,325,507,519
Hormuz (Ormuz)[地]霍尔木兹,忽里模子,305,309,312,313,315
Horse[专]马手,xxvi,12,223,549注,554注,stirrup,8,176,546注;参见Archers, mounted
Ho-shang (Buddhist monks)[宗]和尚,602注
Ho-ti[人](东汉)和帝,42
Hotien[地]于阗,和田,见Khotan
Hou-Chao[朝]后赵,57-58
Hou-Chin[朝]后金,127,129-130
Hou-Ch'in[朝]后秦,59
Hou-Chou[朝]后周,130,131
Hou-Han[朝]后汉,130
Hou Han Shu[书]《后汉书》,30,31,32
Hou-Liang (4th-5th cent.)[朝]后梁(4-5世纪),60
Hou-Liang (10th cent.)[朝]后梁(10世纪),126
Hou-T'ang[朝]后唐,127
Hou-Yen[朝]后燕,59,60
Howorth, H. H.[人]豪沃思,439,440
Hoyin-irgen (forest hunters)[专]槐因·亦儿坚(林中人),195
Hsailaihsien[地]怀来县(妫州),见Kweichow
Hsia[朝]夏朝,61
Hsia, Hsi-[朝]西夏,见Hsi-Hsia
Hsiang-shan[人]香山,603注
Hsiao-shih[人]肖氏,131
Hsia Yüeh-chih[族]小月氏,28-29
Hsi-Ch'in[朝]西秦,60
Hsien[朝]速古泰国,见Sukhotai
Hsien-pi[族]鲜卑人,xxiv,xxviii,xxix,39,46,47,53-54,55,61,89,193,283,;参见Mu-jung; T'u-yü-huen
Hsien-sheng (Taoist monks)[宗]先生(道教和尚),602注
Hsien-yün[族] 狁(匈奴),见Hsiung-nu
Hsi-Hsia[朝]西夏,26,132,133,189,212,226-227,247,330
Hsi-Hsia script[文]西夏文,133
Hsiung-nu (Hsien-yün; Hsiun-yü),[族]匈奴人( 狁,荤粥),xxii,xxiv,xxviii,8,13,15,17-21,23-29,32,34-39,41-48,50,53-54,55,56,61,72,75,76,81,176,217,224,256,283,417,546注,553注-554注;参见Hou-Chao; Hu (tribe); Huns; Ts'ien-Chao
Hsi-Wei[朝]西魏,65,66,81
Hsi-Yen[朝]西燕,59
Hsüan-ti[人]汉宣帝,38
Hsüan-tsang[人]玄奘,70,85,93,94,95-96,98,99,100-101,116,315
Hsüan-tsung[人]唐玄宗,111,112,114,117,118,120,128,565注
Hsü Chou-huei[人]徐寿辉,323
Hsü Ta[人]徐达,325,502
Hu (queen)[人]胡太后,65
Hu (tribe)[族]胡人,19-20;参见Hsiung-nu
Huai-jen[人]怀仁可汗,见Qutlugh Bilgä
Huang Ch'ao[人]黄巢,126
Hu-ch'u-ch'uan[人]呼厨泉,56
Hudud Al-Alam[书]《世界境域志》,148,177
Huen-shih[族]浑邪部,35
Hu-han-ch'eng[地]忽汗城,515
Hu-han-ye[族]呼韩邪,37-38
Hui-tsung[人]宋徽宗,134,136-137
Hu-kie[族]呼揭,38
Hulägu (Hulaku)[人]旭烈兀,282,285,296,305,331,349,353-367,372,397-398,419,609注
Hulägu, house of[族]旭烈兀家族,311,327,333,334,339,386,387,396
Hulaku[人]旭烈兀,见Hulägu
Hulun Nor[地]呼伦诺尔,见Dalai Nor
Humayun[人]胡马云,484
Humi[地]护密(瓦罕),见Wakhan
Huna[族]参看莚哒,见Ephthalites; Huns
Hunan[地]湖南,284,287,323
Hungarian language[文]匈牙利语言,177
Hungarians[族]匈牙利人,马扎尔人,见Magyars
Hungary[地]匈牙利,xxiii,8,72,174,176,266-267,395,449
Hungchow[地]洪州(南昌),见Nanchang
Hung-wu (Chu Yüan-chang)[人]洪武帝(朱元璋),323-324,325,453
Huni (Kunni)[族]昆尼部,171,172;参见Uarkhonites
Hunni[族]参看匈人,见Huns
Hunnic art[文]匈奴艺术,12,13-14,17,18,19,24-26,37,50,176
Hunnugur (Viguri)[族]昆奴格尔,172
Huns (Huna; Hunni)[族]匈人,xxiii,xxvi,7-8,19,21,23-24,55,72-76,78-79,80,190,224;参见individual tribes
Huns, White[族]白匈奴(莚哒人)见Ephthalites
Hunting[专]狩猎部落,195,224,226
Hupeh[地]湖北,137,259,284,287,323
Hu-pi-lie[人]忽必烈,见Kublai
Hurka (Mutan)[地]忽尔卡河,515,516
Husain (活跃于1280年)[人]哈散,601注
Husain (活跃于1326年)[人]胡赛因,387
Husain (Mir Husain;活跃于1360年)[人]迷里忽辛,346,409,411-416
Husain-i Baiqara[人]速檀·忽辛·拜哈拉,243,417,464-465,481
Husain Jelair[人]胡赛因·札剌儿,390,429
Husain Kert[人]穆兹哀丁·胡赛因,见Mu'izz ad-Din Kert
Husain Sufi (活跃于1360年)[人]胡赛因·苏菲,421
Husain Sufi (活跃于1505年)[人]胡赛因·苏菲,481
Hu San-sheng[人]胡三省,570注
Hu-sha-hu[人]胡沙虎,197,230
Huvishka[人]胡韦斯迦,32
Hu-yen[族]呼衍,42,47,48
Hwai[地]淮河,58,59,64,65,137,138,139,227,308
Hwaian (Coigangiu)[地]淮安,308
Hwaining[地]会宁,138
Hwangchow[地]黄州,137,259,287
Hweichung[地]回中皇宫,34
Hyacinthus[人]雅琴夫,210
Iaci[地]押赤,见Yunnan (town)
Ianzu[地]扬州,见Yangchow
Ibak[人]伊巴克,471,489
Ibaqa-bäki[人]亦必合别吉,212,583注
Ibn al-Athir[人]伊本·艾西尔,186,245,262,573注,590注
Ibn 'Arabshah[人]伊本·阿拉不沙,431,435,442,448,451,470,623注
Ibn-Batuta[人]伊本·白图泰,311
Ibn-Fadhan, Risala[人]伊本·法德罕,181
Ibn Hajar Asqalani[人]伊本·哈扎尔·阿斯卡拉尼,442
Ibn-Khaldun[人]伊本·哈尔顿,447-448
Ibrahim (死于1156年)[人]易不拉欣,574注
Ibrahim (活跃于1468年)[人]易不拉欣,473
Ibrahim ibn-Inal[人]易不拉欣·伊本·伊纳尔,150,151
Ibrahim Ong (Wang)[人]亦不剌忻·王,508
Iconium[地]伊康,153
Idakou, Idaku[专]亦都护(称号),见Idiqu
Idigutschai[人]亦都护集乃,122,563注
Idiqu (Idakou; Idaku; Yedigei)[人]亦敌忽,440,442,470,622注
Idiqut (iduq-qut; as title)[专]亦都护,588注
Iduq-qut[专]亦都护,见Idiqut
Igor (活跃于944年)[人]伊戈尔,182
Ikhshedh Ghurek[人]伊克谢德·胡拉克,见Ghurek
Iki-ögüz[族]埃基·乌古思人,277
Ikirä[族]亦乞剌思部,194,207
Iki-shima[地]壹岐岛,289
Ilamish[地]伊拉米什草原,169
Ilanjouc[地]吉兰乞克河,见Jilanchik
Ilbars[人]伊勒巴斯,487
Ilbars II[人]伊勒巴斯二世,488
Ilbilgä[人]颉利毗伽可敦,103
Ildegiz[人]伊尔第吉兹,158
Ilduchi, Thomas[人]托马斯·伊尔杜奇,384
Ilek[地]伊列克河,394,478
Ilek Nasr[人]伊列克·纳斯尔(阿尔斯兰·伊列克·纳斯尔),见Arslan Ilek Nasr
Ilham[人]伊尔哈姆,473
Ili (Ailah)[地]伊犁河,xxiii,xxix,29,37,38,45,53,67,82,83,89,109,114,115,117,118,119,120,144,145,147,165,172,233,234,235,236,254,270,272,277,286,292,293,305,312,319,326,327,332,333,338,341,342,344,409-413,417,420,422,423,424,425,460,461,463,482,491,492,493,495,497,499,501,504,506,507,508,522,525,-529,531,532,537,538,542,626注
Ilibaligh[地]亦里八力,453
Il-khan (as title)[专]伊儿汗(称号),296
Ilkhe-Alyk[地]埃里克,25,549注
Ilqa[人]亦剌合(参看桑昆),见Sängün
Iltutmish[人]伊勒特迷失,260
Ilyas[人]伊牙思,452
Ilyas-khoja[人]也里牙思火者,346,410,411-412,422
Ilyas Ong[人]也里牙思王,508
Imeretia[地]埃麦利蒂亚,272,350
Imil[地]额敏河,叶密立河,xxiii,38,82,114,164,255,269,270,272,273,277,286,291,293,295,312,332,333,349,424,523,525,526,531,532,538
Inal (as title)[专]亦纳勒(称号),191
Inalchiq (Qadir-khan)[人]亦纳乞克(哈亦儿汗),238,589注
Inanch-bilgä[人]亦难赤必勒格,190-191,192,204,205,213
India[地]印度,32,49,69,70,71-72,80,146,168,241,242,260,311,315,339,340,341,417,419,420,434,443-446,484,498,499
Indian art[文]印度艺术,48,49,50,96;参见Buddhist art
Indian Ocean[地]印度洋,311
Indigirka[地]因迪吉尔卡河,xxv
Indochina[地]印度支那,284,289-290
Indo-European languages[文]印欧语,xxiii,28,40,96
Indo-European oases[地]印欧绿洲(塔里木盆地),见Tarim
Indo-Scythians[族]印度-塞人(贵霜人,月氏人),27,28,49;参见Kushan; Yüeh-chih
Indravarman IV[人]因陀罗诺曼四世,290
Indus[地]印度河,71,241,340,444
Inju (revenue)[专]引主(税收),253
Inkagir[族]伊卡基尔人,515
Innocent IV, Pope[人]教皇英诺森四世,217,270,348,349
Ioguristan[地]畏兀儿斯坦,见Uiguristan
Ionia[地]伊洛尼亚,452
Ionians (Yavana)[地](希腊人称)大宛(费尔干纳),554注
Ipsala[地]伊普萨拉,184
Iranjin[人]伊剌金,383
Irano-Buddhist art[文]伊朗-佛教艺术,51-52,96,97-98
Iraq 'Ajami[地]伊剌克·阿只迷,150,151,158,159,160,167,236,240,260,261,351,353,354,372,381,389,420,429,453,457,458,459,461,462
Iraq 'Arabi[地]伊剌克阿拉比,151,158,169,245,315,433,434,456,458,461
Irdana (Erdeni)[人]额尔德尼,488
Irene (wife of Constantine V),[人]伊拉尼皇后,179
Irgen (tribe)[专]亦儿坚(部落),579注
Irgiz[地]伊尔吉兹河,149,394,478
Iron age[专]铁器时代,6,11,17-18
Iron Gates[地]铁门,86,93,342,411
Irrawaddy[地]伊洛瓦底江,290,291,308
Irtysh[地]额尔齐斯,也儿的石河,61,109,119,148,185,215,244,254,268,292,478,489,490,504,523,524;参见Black Irtysh
Isa[人]伊萨,452
'Isä (Jesus; Ai-sie)[人]伊萨,304
Isfarain[地]亦思法拉因,428,485
Isfendiyar[人]伊斯芬迪亚,521
Isfendiyar-oglu[族]伊斯芬迪亚家族,452
Isfijab[地]伊斯法吉勃(赛拉姆城),见Sairam
Ishim-khan[人]伊斯姆汗,521,526
Ishkalcha[地]伊斯卡察(阿曼科赫堡),见Amankoh
Ishkapai[人]伊斯卡帕,8
Isho[人]伊索,见Yi-sho
Ishthakri[人]伊斯塔克里,182
Iskander (活跃于1400年)[人]米儿咱·伊斯堪答儿,见Mirza Iskander
Iskander (活跃于1429年)[人]昔干答儿,456,457,458,459
Iskander (1560-83)[人]伊斯坎德尔,485,486
Isker[朝]失必儿国,见Sibir
Islam[宗]伊斯兰教,114,115,118,120,121,142,145,180,220,235,243,244,281,297,300,312,328,330,344,359,360,361,379,383,396,397,405,416-417,443,445,446,453,522,527,628注;哈纳菲派,400;圣战,152,237,297,416,450,451-452;499;易司马仪派,353,354,367;Shafi'ites, 400;法典,416;十叶派,142-143,150,151,390,483,484;逊尼派,142-143,145,150,152,390,483,484
Islam Girei II[人]伊斯兰·格来,472
Isma'il (活跃于1272年)[人]伊斯迈尔,287
Isma'il (活跃于1510年)[人]伊斯迈尔,483
Isma'il (活跃于1678年)[人]伊斯迈尔汗(萨菲朝沙赫),500,501,527,528
Isma'il II (活跃于1540年)[人]伊斯迈尔(波斯沙赫),485
Isma'il ibn-Ahmed[人]伊斯迈尔·伊本·阿赫默德,142
Isma'ilis (Assassins)[宗]易司马仪教派,353,354,367
Ispahan[地]伊斯法罕,xxix,151,153,260,261,390,391,431,432,433,436,456,457,458,459,461,462
Isra'il[人]伊斯莱尔,149
Issedones[族]伊赛多涅斯人,10-11,547注
Issedon Scythica[地]伊塞顿·斯基卡,41
Issedon Serica[地]伊塞顿·塞里卡,41
Issyk Kul[地]伊塞克湖,xxiii,xxvi,83,87,93,95,102,114,115,119,120,133,145,148,149,159,164,165,189,233,236,254,272,273,312,326,340-344,422,425,460,491,494,499,532
Istämi (Shih-tie-mi; Sinjibu; Silzibul)[人]室点蜜,82,83,84,86
Itil (river)[地]伊提尔河(伏尔加河),见Volga
Itil (town; al-Baida; Sarigh-shin; Saqsin)[地]伊提尔城,180,577注
Ïtügän[地]於都斤山,见Ätügän
Ivailo (Lakhanas)[人]伊凡洛(拉汗纳斯),402
Ivan I[人]伊凡一世,404
Ivan III (the Great)[人]伊凡三世(大帝),395,470,471
Ivan IV (the Terrible)[人]伊凡四世(伊凡雷帝),475,489
Ivane[人]伊万涅,261,263
Izmir[地]士麦那,见Smyrna
Izmit (Nicomedia)[地]伊兹米特(尼科美底亚),184
Iznik[地]伊兹尼克(尼西亚),见Nicaea
Jacobites[宗]雅各派,357,361,368
Jaffa[地]贾法,360
Jagambu (Jaqambu)[人]札阿绀孛,204,205,206,212,581注
Jagan[人]札甘,541
Jagatai (Chagatai)[人]察合台,229,238,239,254-255,269,326,328,589注,592注,606注
Jagatai, house of[族]察合台家族,271,273,274,292-296,303,305,306,315,319,326-336,338-346,358,366,382,384,386,397,401,403,409-411,413,417,419,421,424,453,460,461;参见Mogholistan
Jaghun (army captain)[专]札温(百夫长),222
Jägün-ghar[专]左翼军,见Jegün-ghar
Jagiello[人]雅杰罗,441
Jahangir[人]只罕杰儿,421,423,456
Jahan Shah[人]只罕沙,459,461-462
Jahan Soz[人]贾汗·索兹,167-168
Jajirat (Juirat)[族]札只剌惕,194,201,207,213,215
Jalal ad-Din Manguberti (Mängüberti)[人]札兰丁·曼古伯惕,xxvii,237,241-242,259-261,262,347,418,590注
Jalan[人]扎兰,530
Jalish[地]察力失(喀拉沙尔),见Kara Shahr
Jäm[地]剑河,见Chäm
Jamahar (rattle)[专]象声词牟牟,377
Jamal ad-Din Mahmud[人]贾马阿丁·马合木,598注
Jamal Qarshi[人]贾马尔·喀什,332,334
Jaman Aq-köl[地]贾曼阿克库尔,439
James (of Florence)[人](佛罗伦萨的)詹姆斯,608注
James, Mar[人]马·詹姆斯,见Mar James
Jami[人]札米,465
Jami-ut-Tavarikh[书]《史集》,见Rashid ad-Din
Jammu[人]朱木拿大公,446
Jamuqa[人]札木合,201,202,203,206-207,209,212-216,584注
Jan[人]札尼伯,486
Jan 'Ali[人]杰·阿里,475
Janggin[专]章京,530
Janibeg (1340-57)[人]札尼别汗,389,400,405
Janibeg (活跃于约1460年)[人]札你贝,479-480
Janids[朝]札尼家族,见Astrakhanids
Janizaries[专]雅内萨里(近卫军),451
Jaochow[地]饶州,324
Jaqambu[人]札阿绀孛,见Jagambu
Japan[朝]日本,289
Japan, Sea of[地]日本海,516
Jarliq[专]札里雅黑,见Yarligh
Jasa[专]扎撒,见Yasaq
Jasak (prince)[专]宗王,517
Jasaq[专]扎撒,见Yasaq
Jasrat[人]贾斯腊特,444
Jaunpur[朝]札温普儿王国,444
Java[地]爪哇,291,311,315
Jaxartes[地]锡尔河,见Sy'r Darya
Jayagatu (jaya'atu)[专](蒙古语)天国在地上的代表或使者,585注
Jayan-buqa[人]者燕不花,603注
Jaylak (Djaylak; Alaka)[人]迪杰拉克,402
Jazira, Al[地]阿勒贾兹拉,361
Jazyges[族]贾兹基人,72
Jean de Carcassonne[人]让·德·卡尔卡松,273,349
Jean sans Peur[人]琼·桑·普尔,449
Jebe[人]者别(哲别),207,214,228,229,236,240,245-246,247,260,264,582注
Jegün-ghar (jägün-ghar; je'un-ghar; jun-ghar; segon-ghar;left or east wing)[专]左翼军,223,509,520,629注
Jehol (Wu-liang-ha)[地]热河,xxii,25,54,83,108,112,127,136,138,164,285,507,538
Jeje'er Undur[地]杰杰儿·乌都儿,212,583注
Jeku[人]术客,见Chaka
Jelairs[族]札剌儿部人,194,197,201,389-390,391,405,420,426,429,430
Jelme[人]者勒蔑,207,214
Jend,[地]真德(今波罗威斯附近),149,238
Jenghiz Khan (Temujin; Chinggiskhan)[人]成吉思汗(铁木真),xxiv,xxvi-xxvii,xxviii,20,78,169,170,186,193-194,195-196,199-244,247-252,259-260,301,320,328,394,414,417,419-420,516,539,580注,581注,586注,591注;之死,248;说明,199,249-250;法典,格言,221;军旗,210,216,217;死后土地分配,253-256
Jenkshi (Djenkshi)[人]靖克失汗,341
Jerome (of Florence)[人](佛罗伦萨的)捷罗姆,314
Jerqabchiqai[地]杰哈齐海峡谷,583注
Jerusalem[地]耶路撒冷城,302,303,360,361,368,369,374
Jesusabran, Mar,[人]马·耶酥沙布兰,见Mar Jesusabran
Je'un-ghar[专]左翼军,见Jegün-ghar
Jihun[地]古浑河,370
Jilanchik (Ilanjouc)[地]吉兰乞克河,439
Jinong (as title)[专]济农(称号),509
Jnanagupta[人]阇那崛多,562注
Jöchi[人]术赤,198,201,209,229,238,239,247,253-254,351,392,394,589注
Jöchi, house of[族]术赤家族,272,273,339,393,394,398;参见Kipchak khanate
John (of Brienne)[人]约翰王,245-246
John II (Comnenus)[人]约翰二世,185
John VI (Patriarch of Baghdad)[人]约翰六世,191
John VII (Palaeologus)[人]约翰七世,452
John XXII, Pope[人](教皇)约翰二十二世,404
Joinville, Jean de[人]约因维尔,252
Jordan (river)[地]约旦河,364
Jordanes[人]约丹尼斯,xxix,73,74,76,78
Joseph (活跃于948年)[人]约瑟,181
Juan-juan (Ju-juan; Kermikhions)[族]柔然,xxiv,xxix,60-64,66,67,80,81-82,171,172,173,176,193,216,217,231,417,575注;参见Avars
Juban[人]出班,见Chopan
Ju-chen[族]女真人,见Jurchid
Judaism[宗]犹太教,180-181,379
Juirat[族]札只剌惕部,见Jajirat
Ju-juan[族]参看柔然,见Juan-juan
Julien (of Sidon)[人](西顿的)儒连,364
Jumna[地]朱木那河,445
Jung, Pei-[族]北戎,见Pei-Jung
Jungar[族]准噶尔,见Dzungar
Jungdu[地]中都,见Peking
Jun-ghar[专]左翼军,见Jegün-ghar
Jungshiyabo[族]永谢布,见Kharachin
Juning[地]汝宁(蔡州),见Ts'aichow
Jurchedäi (Jurchedäi-noyan)[人]主儿扯歹,210,583注
Jurchid (Ju-chen; Jurche; Jurchen)[族]女真人,xxvi,xxviii,66,128,130,133,134,136-140,164,189,190,196,231,233,288,515-516;参见Kin
Jurchid script[文]女真文,516
Jurjan[人]朱尔赞,428
Jurkin (Jurki)[族]主儿乞部(主儿金部),202,204,581注
Justin II[人]查士丁尼二世,83-84
Justinian[人]查士丁尼,79,172,173
Justinian II[人]查士丁尼二世,177,179
Juvaini ('Ala ad-Din Juvaini),Ta'rikh-i Jahan-gusha (History of the Conqueror of the World)[人]志费尼《世界征服者史》,168,190,236,239,266,267,326,329,367,396,397,574注,589注,609注
Jüz[专]玉兹(帐)625注
Juzjani, Tabaqat-i-Nasiri[人]朱兹贾尼(《宗教保卫者一览表》),199,396,588注,589注
Kabadian (Mikoyanabad)[地]米高扬纳巴德,342
Kabaka[地]卡巴卡,626注
Kaba-matan (Mitan)[地]卡巴·马坦,411
Kabars[族]卡巴尔人,178
Kabil-shah[人]哈比勒·沙,见Kabul-shah
Käbtäül (käbtäwüt, käbtä'üt; army guards)[专]值夜班者,222
Kabul[地]喀布尔,32,50,68,69,70,71,80,119,143,241,340,346,409,411,412,414,426,456,457,483,484
Kabul-shah (Kabil-shah)[人]哈比勒·沙,411,416
Kadphises I[人]卡德菲斯一世,见Kujula (Kujolo)Kadphises
Kadphises II[人]卡德菲斯二世,见Vima Kadphises,32
Kaesong[地]开城,259
Kaichow[地]开州(澶州),见Shenchow
Kaifeng (P'ien; Taliang)[地]开封(汴),xxix,57,127,130,132,133,137,138,227,230,232,257,258,259,296,310,323,324
Kai-Kawus II[人]凯卡兀思,272,350,354,359,399-400
Kai-Khosrau[人]凯库思老,263
Kai-Khosrau III[人]凯库思老三世,370
Kai Kia-yun[人]盖嘉远,115
Kailu[地]开鲁(应昌),见Yingchang
Kai-Qobad II[人]凯库巴德二世,382
K'ai Yüan[人]海云,276
Kakheth[地]卡希什,434
Kakhetia[地]卡希底亚,356
Kakrak[地]卡克拉克,50-51
Kalgan[地]张家口,25,230,510,529,530
Kali[地]卡里,18
Kalka (Kalmius)[地]迦勒迦(卡尔米乌斯)河,246,247,407,436
Kalmucks[族]卡尔梅克人(卫拉特人),487,488,501,506,515,520-525,531;参见Dzungar; Oirat
Kaluga[地]卡卢加,73
Kama[地]卡马河,176,177,247,264,392,393,472
Kamala[人]甘麻剌,294,600注
Kamchatka[地]堪察加半岛,515
Kamennaya baba[地]卡曼纳雅·巴巴河(额尔齐斯河上游),556注
Kamil Muhammad, al-[人]卡米勒·穆罕默德,360-361
Kanchow (Campiciu; Kansan; Kutsang; in Kansu)[地]甘州(在甘肃境内),35,61,112,125,133,286,302,306,318,499
Kanchow (Kiangsi)[地]赣州(江西),见Kienchow
Kanda[地]坎塔(撒马尔罕),见Samarkand
Kandahar[地]坎大哈,31,32,69,143,340,429,456,457
Kandikh[人]坎迪赫,172
K'ang-hsi[人]康熙,xxx,518,519,529-533,536
Kanghwa[地]江华岛,259,289
K'ang-kiu[地]康居(索格底亚那),见Sogdiana
Kanishka[人]迦腻色迦,32
Kanjur[书]《甘珠尔经》,514
Kankhli[族]康里突厥人,165
Kansan[地]甘肃,见Kanchow (Kansu)
Kansu[地]甘肃,xxiii,3,4,27,28,32,35,37,44,47,48,53,54,59,60,66,112,118,125,128,133,189,226,247,251,283,286,294,302,303,312,321,369,496,499,505,510,527,538
Kan Ying[人]甘英,47
Kaochang[朝]高昌(吐鲁番),见Turfan
Kao Hing[人]高兴,291
Kao-kiu[族]高车,61,81;参见Töläch
Kaoliang[地]高粱河,131
Kao Sien-chih[人]高仙芝,115,119,120
Kao-ti[人]汉高帝(汉高祖),27
Kao-tsung (650-683)[人]唐高宗,102,103,106,107
Kao-tsung (12th cent.)[人]宋高宗,137,138
Kapal[地]卡帕尔城,272,277
Kapisa (Ki-pin)[朝]迦毕试国(罽宾),69,119
Karabakh[地]卡拉巴,见Arran
Karabalgasun[地]哈喇巴喇哈森,xxiv,114,121,122,124,128,256,568注
Karahisar[地]卡拉希沙尔,452
Karakhanids[朝]哈拉汗朝,133,144-149,152-153,159,164-166,168,169,235,237
Kara-Khitai[族]喀喇契丹,(黑契丹),xxix,159-160,164-169,186,189,204,215,233-236,326
Kara-khoja[地]哈拉火州(哈剌火州),见Turfan
Karakhoto (Yi-tsi-nai; Etzina)[地]哈拉霍托(古名亦集乃城),133
Kara-Kirghiz (Burut)[族]喀喇吉尔吉斯人,501,522,536
Karakol[地]克拉科尔,18,110,491
Karakorum (Holin)[地]哈拉和林(和林),xxiv,20,34,83,114,191,214,256,259,269,272,276,280,281,282,285,286,288,292,294,312,321,326,336,338,350,502,507,510,511,528,537,540,592注
Kara-Kum[地]卡拉库姆沙漠,xxii,107
Karaman (dynasty)[朝]卡拉曼朝,160,382,385,389,391,449,452
Karaman (place)[地]卡拉曼(拉兰达),见Laranda
Kara Muren[地]卡拉木仑河(黄河),见Yellow River
Kara Sengir Tughai[地]卡拉森吉尔角,481
Kara Shahr (Agni; Chalish; Cialis; Jalish; Yenki)[地]喀拉沙尔(焉耆·察力失),xxii,xxiii,28,40,41,43,45,46,48,52,59,61,62,95,98-99,103,107,114-115,125,144,233,420,424,491,493,497,498,563注
Karashahri language[文]焉耆语,28,40,96
Kara-Su[地]卡拉苏河,376
Karasuk[文]卡拉苏克文化,5
Kara-Tal (Qaratal)[地]哈拉塔尔,425,436,491,621注,625注
Kara-Tau[地]卡拉套山,393
Kara-Turgai (Ataqaroghai; Anacargou)[地]卡拉图尔盖河(阿塔合儿灰,阿纳哈儿浑),439
Kara-yus (Pisannaya gora)[地]卡拉攸斯(皮沙那亚戈拉谷地),556注
Karbala[地]卡尔巴拉,433
Karchin[族]喀喇沁部,见Kharachin
Karlgren[人]卡尔格林,24-25
Karni (Garni)[地]哈儿尼260
Kars[地]卡尔斯,263,281,430
Karshi (Qarshi)[地]卡尔施城,341,342,345,412,438,457
Kartlia[人]卡特利亚,272,350
Karun[地]哈尼,240
Kashan[地]卡尚城,305
Kashgar (Shufu; Cascar)[地]喀什城(疏附),xxii,xxiii,xxv,28,29,40,41,43,44,45,50,52,95,96,100-101,103,107,114-115,133,145,147,164,165,235,303,306,312,327,344,422,425,426,460,461,463,485,491-495,498,500,501,527,528,532,540,541,542
Kashgari (person)[人]喀什噶里,185
Kashgaria (Alti-shahr)[地]喀什噶尔,xxv,8,43,46,48,133,142,144-145,147,148,149,159,164,165,189,233,235,236,255,277,292,293,303,326,338,344,368,422,425,448,485,491,494,497,499,500,501,527,528,537,538,541,542
Käshik (guard)[专]怯薜(护卫军),213,222
Kashmir[地]克什米尔,71,118,119,446,498,499
Kasimov[地]卡西莫夫城,472
Kasinskoye[地]卡西斯科耶,16
Kastamonu[地]卡斯塔莫努,449,452
Katanda[地]卡坦塔,18,19
Kath[地]柯提,421,487,521
Kavadh[人]喀瓦德,68
Kaveripatnam[地]加韦里伯德讷姆,311
Kayal[地]卡亚尔,见Cail
Kayseri[地]开塞利,263,281,370,389,391,449,451
Kazakhs[族]哈萨克人(吉尔吉斯-哈萨克人)见Kirghiz-Kazakhs
Kazakhstan[地]哈萨克斯坦,5,393
Kazan (person)[人]哈赞,342
Kazan (place)[地]喀山,13,73,176,405,441,470,471,472,473,475
Kazerun[地]卡泽伦,366
Kazvin[地]可疾云(加兹温),142,240,245,312,372,458
Kazyr[地]克孜尔河,558注
Kebek[人]怯别,295,338,339-340,341,386
Kebek II[人]怯别二世,463,493
Kebeki (coins)[专]怯别币,341
Kediri (Daha)[地]谏义里,291
Kedrala[地]卡德拉拉,549注
Ke'er-un irgen (steppe herdsmen)[专]草原游牧民,195
Kelat[地]克拉特,428
Kelermes[地]克勒尔姆斯,4,11-12,15
Kemal Atatürk, Mustafa[人]穆斯塔法·克马尔·阿塔特克,164
Keng K'uei[人]耿夔,46,47
Keng Kung[人]耿恭,44
Keng Ping[人]耿秉,42,46
Kentei (Burqan Qaldun)[地]不儿罕合勒敦山(肯特山),189,199,200,219,248
Kerayit[族]克烈部,xxiv,xxv,191-192,199,200,203-213,216,217,220,227,300,417,578注
Kerch[地]刻赤(潘蒂卡派),15,52,85,173,405,549注,554注;参见Panticapaeum
Kergüd[族]乞儿古斯部,503
Keriya (Pem)[地]克里亚,306
Kerman (Cherman; Kirman)[地]起儿漫,151,152,153,260,261,269,305,309,353,382,390,431,432,433,459,461,462
Kermanshah[地]克尔曼沙赫,355
Kermian[地]克米安,449,451,452
Kermikhions[族]柔然,见Juan-Juan
Kerts[族]克尔特人,339,343,352-353,380,385-386,390,426-428
Kerulen[地]克鲁伦河,怯绿连河,xxii,xxiii,20,109,110,192,193,200,212,248,255,273,274,321,502,504,510,512,529,530,536,539,540
Kesh (Shahr-i Sebz)[地]渴石(沙赫里夏勃兹),343,345,346,409-414
Keszthely[地]凯斯特海伊,176
Khagan (qân; qaan; as title)[专]合罕(称号),61,216,217,221,560注,585注
Khaganos (sovereign)[专]可汗罗斯(称号),577注
Khailar[地]海拉尔,3
Khairkhana[地]海尔哈纳,51
Khaishan[人]海山,294,299,321,338
“Khaladjin-alt”[地]合兰真沙陀,210
“Khala-goun-ola”[地]哈拉-果翁-俄拉,210
Khalil[人]哈里勒,456,457
Khalka (people)[族]喀尔喀人,66,509,510,512,513,514,521,523,525,628,529,530,531,536,537,538,629注
Khalka (river)[地]合勒卡河,210,510
Khamdo[地]喀木,523
Khan (as title)[专]汗,可汗(称号),61,216,560注
Khanbaligh (Khan-baligh; qanbaliq)[地]汗八里(长安,北京),599注;参见Changan; Peking
Khangai[地]杭爱山(参看於都斤山),20,102,189,214,294,321,335,479,512,537;参见Otükän
Khanka[地]汗卡要塞,488
Khansa[地]参看杭州,见Hangchow
Khanzade[人]罕匝答,421
Khanzai[地]杭州,见Hangchow
Kharachin (Jungshiyabo; Karchin)[族]喀喇沁(永谢布人),509,517,629注
Khara Kula[人]哈剌忽剌,523,526
Khara Usu, Lake[地]哈拉乌兹湖,214
Khavalynsk[文]哈瓦伦斯克文化群,6
Khazaria (Gazaria)[地]可萨里亚,180,314,401,403
Khazar language[文]可萨文,557注
Khazars[族]可萨人,哈扎尔人,xxiv,xxviii,176,178-182,396,577注
Kherson[地]刻松城,73
Khewra[地]库腊,71
Khidr-shah[人]希德尔沙,452
Khilat[地]起剌特,261,263
Khilok[地]希洛克河,194,551注
Khingan[地]兴安岭,xxii,xxvi,39,53,54,55,86,192,194,208,210,505,517
Khingsai, Khinsa[地]杭州,见Hangchow
Khionites[族]希奥尼特人,68
Khitan (Khitai; Kitat)[族]契丹人,xxiv,xxviii,66,83,88,106,108,112,125,127-134,136,146,148,164-165,186,190,196,220,228,231,233,250,251-252,283,306,516;参见Kara-Khitai
Khitan language[文]契丹语,193
Khitan script[文]契丹文,133-134,570注
Khiva[地]希瓦(花剌子模),见Khwarizm
Khizr khan[人]希兹尔汗,446
Khizr-khoja[人]黑的儿火者,422,424,425
Khmer (Cambodia)[地]高棉,290,291
Khocho[朝]高昌,见Turfan
Khodzhent[地]忽毡,117,165,166,238,332,338,345,410,411,419,423,438,482,497
Khoi[地]忽伊,359
Khoit[族]辉特部,520,525,527,537,538,539;参见Dzungar
Khojas[专]和卓,500-501,527-528,540,541,628注
Khojo Jan (Little Khojo)[人]霍占集,541-542
Khokars[族]科卡尔,444
Khondemir[人]宽德密尔,465
Khongtaiji (prince imperial)[专]洪台吉(王子称号),630注
Khorchin (Qorchin)[族]科尔沁人,505,509,516-517,529,629注
Khortitsa[地]霍蒂萨,246
Khoshot[族]和硕特部,487,503,510,520,523-527,532,537,538,540;参见Oirat
Khosrau Firuz ar-Rahim[人]库思老·卑路支·拉希姆,150-151
Khotan (Cotan; Hotien; Yotkan)[地]于阗(和田,约特干),xxii,40,41,43,45,48,52,54,95,96,101,103,107,114-115,147,165,235,303,306,312,327,332,424,426,491,494,497,500,533,541
Khshevan (as title)[专](粟特语称号)王,68
Khudaidad[人]忽歹答,422,425,459-460
Khulm[地]胡勒姆,412
Khurasan[地]呼罗珊,68,87,116,142,143,144,146,147,149,150,153,155,159,160,166-167,236,240,260,261,305,309,334,340,345,351,352,353,368,369,372,373,376,381,386,387,390,410,413,415,417,427,428,456,459,461,463,464,481-485,492
Khutuktai Sechen Khongtaiji[人]库图克图彻辰洪台吉,510-514
Khu Urluk[人]和鄂尔勒克,521-522,523
Khuzistan[地]胡齐斯坦,169
Khvalinsk[地]克瓦林斯克,5
Khwarizm (Khiva)[地]花剌子模(希瓦),xxviii,9,116,150,158,159,160,166-170,189,233,234,236-242,247,254,260,261,301,330,332,335,351,354,355,392,397,420-421,426,479,481,487-488,521
Kialing[地]嘉陵江(四川),258,284
Kian[地]长江,见Yangtze
K'iang[族]羌人,28-29,47,48
Kiangchow (Kiukiang)[地]江州(九江),137,323
Kiangsi[地]江西,137
Kiangsu[地]江苏,58,138,287,302
Kichow[地]冀州(大名),见Taming
Kidara (Ki-to-lo)[人]基达拉(寄多罗),68,69
Kidarites[朝]基达里王朝,68,69
Kien[人]贤,43
Kienchow (Kanchow)[地]虔州(赣州),137
Kienkang[地]建康(南京),见Nanking
K'ien-k'u[族]坚昆人,38
Kienning[地]南京,见Nanking
Kienshih[地]监氏城,30
Kiev[地]基辅,乞瓦,10,73,181,182,224,246,265,270,271,395,436
Kigi[地]基伊,462
Ki-kou-kuan[地]岐沟关,132
Kikow[地]歧沟,570注
Kile[族]基列人,515
Kimäks[族]基马克人,148,185
Kin (Alchun; Chin)[族]金(参看完颜部),136-140,164,170,189,190,191,192-193,197,198,203,204,226-233,257-259,283,301,516;参见Wan-yen
King (river)[地]泾河,90
Kingchaofu[地]京兆府(长安),见Changan
Kingchow[地]荆州,122
Kin-ling-fu[地]金陵府(南京),见Nanking
Kinshan[地]金山岛,67,139
Kin-tsung[人]钦宗,136-137
K'iou Ch'ang-ch'uen (K'iou Ch'u-ki)[人]邱长春(邱处机),244,249,255,590注
Kipchak khanate (Golden Horde; White Horde)[朝]钦察汗国(金帐汗国,白帐),186,246,264,268-276,281,282,292,304-305,312,314,319,332,335,342,350,358,365-366,368,376,387,389,393-408,419,420,421,426,430,432,435-443,591注;参见Golden Horde; White Horde
Kipchaks (Cumans; Komanoi; Kun; Polovtsy; Qoun; Qumani)[族]钦察人,xxiv,xxviii,148,184,185-186,246,264,392,395,396
Ki-pin[朝]罽宾(迦毕试国)见Kapisa
Kirakos (of Ganja)[人](刚加的)基拉罗斯,282,342,356,357,360,363,367,396
Kirghiz (people)[族]黠戛斯,乞儿吉思,吉尔吉斯人,xxiv,19,106,109,124,125,128,148,196,205,216,418,473,478,483,485,549注,625注,参见Kara-Kirghiz; Kergüd
Kirghiz (Alexander; mountains)[地]吉尔吉斯山,xxiii,154,155,161,191,237,244
Kirghiz-Kazakhs (Qazaqs)[族]吉尔吉斯-哈萨克人,148,478,480,481,485,488-489,495,499,500,508,521,522,526,531,532,538,625注
Kirgis Nor[地]吉儿吉思湖,512
Kirin[地]吉林省,255,269
Kirki (Chufut-Kale)[地]基尔基,402
Kirman[地]起儿漫,见Kerman
Kishi-jüz[族]小帐,见Little Horde
Kishiliq[人]乞失力,210
Kishmain[人]乞失麦,330,606注
Kiskörös[地]小克勒什,176
Kitat[族]契丹,见Khitan
Kitbuqa[人]怯的不花,355,356,361-365
Ki-to-lo[人]寄多罗(基达拉),见Kidara
K'iu[族]麹氏,98
Kiuchüan[地]酒泉,28
Kiukiang[地]九江(江州),见Kiangchow
K'iu-li[地]渠犁,37
Kiu-ma[地]拒马河,132,570注
Kiun-ch'en[人]军臣单于,34
K'iu Pai-ya[人]麹伯雅,89,98
Kiu-pi-shö[族]车鼻施,119
Kiu-shih[地]车师(别失八里,吐鲁番),见Beshbaligh; Turfan
K'iu-tsu[地]龟兹,见Kucha
K'iu Wen-t'ai[人]麹文泰,98
Kiu-yen[地]居延,36
Kiu-yung-kuan (Nankow)Pass[地]居庸关(南口),106,507
Kiyat[族]乞颜氏族,193,194,198,201
Kizil[地]克孜尔,50,51-52,96,97-98,101
Kizil Irmak[地]克孜尔·伊尔马克,350
Kizilkaya (Qyzyl-qaya)[地]克孜勒卡亚,549注
Knights of Rhodes[专]罗德的骑士们,451
Koban[地]科本,5,11
Kobdo[地]科布多,61,92,113,190,205,214,479,508,510,512,513,520,521,525,526,527,536,537,538,540
Köbegün (princes)[专]王子,221
Koblevo[地]科布勒沃,6
Kobluk[人]古卜鲁克,见Kuilek
Kochkar[地]库什卡尔,423,561注
Köchkünji[人]速云赤,484,485
Ködä'ä-aral (Kötö'ü-aral)[地]阔帖兀阿兰,274
Kögmän[地]曲漫山,见Tannu-Ola
Koh-i-Baba[地]霍伊巴巴,465
Koirijak[人]科利贾克,469,622注
Kökächin (Cocachin)[人]阔阔真,308,309
Kokand[地]浩罕,482,486,488-489,496
Kök-böri[专]灰狼,544注
Kökchü (Täb-tängri)[人]阔阔出,195,217-218,219,585注,591注
Köke-khoto[地]库库河屯,见Kuku Hoto
Kökö däbtär (“blue books”;registers)[专]青册,220
Koko Nor[地]青海湖,47,65,89,118,509,513,523,524,525,526,532,540
Kökö Temür[人]扩廓帖木儿,324-325
Köksegu (Kökse'u)Sabraq[人]可苦速,205
Kökshün Orkhon[地]鄂尔浑河的科克沁,112
Kollam[地]奎隆,见Quilon
Ko-lo[人]葛勒,默延啜,见Mo-yen-cho
Kölö, Lake[地]曲烈湖,206
Kolomna[地]科罗姆纳,265
Kolyma[地]科雷马河,xxv
Komanoi[族]钦察人,见Kipchaks
Kona Shahr[地]科纳·沙尔,493
Konchaka[人]科恩恰哈,617注
Kondurcha[地]昆都尔察河,440
Kondurchinsk[地]孔杜尔恰斯克,440
König, F. W.[人]F·W·库利格,11
Konya (Lycaonia)[地]科尼亚(利考尼亚)xxix,155,157,261,263,272,281,382,385,387,389,452,573注
Korea[朝]朝鲜,高丽,128,133,259,289,515,599注
Körgüz (约死于1244年)[人]阔儿吉思,269
Körgüz (George; 1235-42)[人]阔儿吉思(乔治),351-352
Körgüz (Görgüz; George; d. 1298)[人]阔里吉思,294,301-302,306,314,318,335
Koshang[地]科尚(看托克托),见Toqto
Kosho-Tsaidam[地]和硕·柴达木,85-86,87,92-93,101,103,106,108-109,110,112-113,192,566注,578注
Ko Shu-han[人]哥舒翰,118
Kosogol, Lake[地]库苏泊,124,479,503
Kosovo[地]科索沃,449
Kostromskaya[地]科斯特罗马斯卡雅,12,13,15
Ko-tjong[人]王焢,259,288,599注
Kotor (Cattaro)[地]科托尔,267
Kötö'ü-aral[地]阔帖兀阿兰,见Ködä'ä-aral
Köyitän[人]阔亦田,207,582注
Közädagh[地]柯塞山,263
Kozel[地]科泽尔,546注
Kozlov, P. K.[人]科兹洛夫,25,39,133
Krasnoyarsk[地]克拉斯诺亚尔斯克,5,14
Krikor (Gregory)[人]克利科尔,358
Krum[人]克鲁姆,177
Kuang[地]两广,324
Kuangku[地]广固,557注
Kuang-tö[地]广德,43
Kuang Wu-ti[人]光武帝,39
Kubak-sari[地]和布克赛尔,526
Kuban[地]库班,4,10,11,12,15,16,72,73,74,176,180,182,392,442,472,503,522
Kublai (Hu-pi-lie; Qubilai; Qubilay; Qublay)[人]忽必烈,xxiii,xxviii,xxx,59,63,214,272,274,275,282-300,304,305,307,308-309,311,320,321,331,332,333,336,363,371-373,374,396,397,401,419,456,502,512,514,598注
Kublai, house of[族]忽必烈家族(看元朝),见Yüan
Kucha (K'iu-tsu; Kuche; Kuchi)[地]库车,xxii,xxiii,28,40,41,43-49,52,54,59,62,95-100,103,107,114-115,117,119,125,144,164,173,189,212,233,312,326,329,340,344,426,460,491,492,497,498,506,542,555注,556注
Kuchean language ("Tokharian" A and B)[语]库车语(吐火罗语A和B),xxiii,28,40,49,96,97,124,125,562注
Kucheng[地]古城(看别失八里),见Beshbaligh
Küchlüg[人]屈出律,190,215,233,234,235-236,330,584注
Küchow (Ghiugiu)[地]衢州,308
Kuchu[人]阔出,259,268
Kuchuk Muhammad[人]库楚克·马哈麻汗,470,472
Kuchum[人]库程汗,489,490
Kudang[人]库登汗,510
Kuei-shuang[族]贵霜人,见Kushans
Kuibyshev[地]古比雪夫(萨马拉),见Samara
Kuilek (Kobluk)[人]古卜鲁克,403
Kujula (Kujulo)Kadphises (Kadphises I; Ch'iu-chiu-ch'ueh)[人]卡德菲斯一世(邱就却),32,45-46,561注
Kuku Hoto (Köke-Khoto)[地]库库河屯(呼和浩特,归化城绥远城),35,136,510,514,529;参见Kweihwacheng; Suiyuan (town)
Kül-Bulat[人]库尔布鲁特,609注
Kuldja[地]固尔扎,234,235,282,292,312,319,326,424,528,531,533,538,539,540,541
Kule[地]库莱,184,
Ku-li (as title)[专]谷蠡王(称号),20
Kulikovo[地]库里科沃,405-406,407
Ku-ki P'ei-lo[人]骨力裴罗,见Qutlugh Bilgä
Kul Oba[地]库尔·奥巴,7,13,15
Kul-tegin[人]阙特勤,85-86,108-112,116
Kuma[地]库马,392
Kumaragupta[人]鸠摩罗芨多,69
Kumarajiva[人]鸠摩罗什,49-50,59
Kumiss (qumiz)[专]忽迷思(马奶酒),219,276,568注,587注
Kumo[地]阿克苏城(姑墨),见Aksu (town and province)
Kumtura[地]库姆吐拉,52,96,97,98
Kun[族]看钦察人,见Kipchaks
Kün-buqa[人]孔不花,259,301,302,303,599注
Künchow (Yüchow)[地]钧州(今禹州),258
Kundelung Ubasha[人]昆都仑乌巴什,487-488,523
Kundjuk[人]宽阇,见Kunjuk
Kunduz[地]昆都士,82-83,85,93,116,117,119,143,342,346,409,411,412,414
Kunduzcha[地]孔杜尔恰,440
Kungas (Kungkas)[人]孔加士,68
Kungchang (Lungsi)[地]关中(陇西),283
Kungei[地]昆格山,500
Kunges[地]空格斯,424,491
Kungkas[人]孔加士,见Kungas
Kung-ti[人]恭帝(宋),286
Kungyueh[地]弓月城,564注
Kunjuk (Kundjuk)[人]宽阇,338
Kunlun[地]昆仑山,533
Kunni[族]昆尼,见Huni
Kün tängridä ulugh bulmysh kütshlug bilgä ch'ung-tö[人]登啰羽録没蜜施句主毗伽可汗,122
Kuo Hiao-k'o[人]郭孝恪,95,99,100
K'uo-li-ki-ssu (George; name)[人]阔里吉思(乔治),301
K'uo-li-ki-ssu (George; person)[人](镇海之子)乔治,593注
Kuo-shih (as title)[专]国师(称号),298
Kupehkow[地]古北口,129
Kura[地]库拉河,261,347,369,398,399,430,437,462
Kurdistan[地]库尔德斯坦,263,361,430,433
Kurds[族]库尔德人,379,383
Kurdzhips[地]库尔德泽普斯,16
Kuriyen (circles)[专]古列延,196
Kusala[人]和世焺,321
Kushans (Kuei-shuang)[族]贵霜人,32,45-46,68-69
Kusmehan[地]库什麦罕,68
Kustanai[地]库斯坦赖,439
Kutahya[地]屈塔希亚,451,452
Kutaisi[地]库塔伊思,263
Kutan[人]忽滩,246,264
Ku-to-lu Pei-kia k'iu[人]骨咄禄毗伽阙可汗,见Qutlugh Bilgä
Kutrigurs[族]库特利格尔人,79,80,172,174,176
Kutsang[地]姑藏(甘州),见Kanchow (Kansu)
Ku-tu (as title)[专]骨都侯(称号),21
Kuvrat[人]库弗拉特,175,176
Kwachow[地]瓜州,35
Kwangping[地]广平,325
Kwangsi[地]广西,284,287,518
Kwangtung[地]广东,287
Kwantao[地]馆陶,325
Kwei[人]桂王,518
Kweichow (Hsailaihsien)[地]妫州(怀来县),106
Kweihwacheng[地]归化城,25,106,301,306,510,530,参见Kuku Hoto; Toqto
Kweilin[地]桂林,284,287,518
Kweiteh[地]归德,258
Kweitung[地]水洞沟,3
Kyakhta[地]恰克图,25
Kyozwa[人]莏苴,291
Kyushu[地]九州,289
Kyzyl-Kum[地]克齐尔库姆沙漠,xxii
Kyzyl-Su,[地]克孜尔河,41
Kzyl-Orda[地]克孜勒奥尔达(看波罗威斯克),见Perovsk
Ladakh[地]拉达克山,497,499
Ladislas (活跃于1287年)[人]拉迪斯拉斯,401
Lahore[地]拉合尔,168,339,443
Laikhor-khan[人]赉瑚尔汗,512
Lajazzo (Latakiap; Layas; Ayas)[地]剌牙思,305,312,313,370
Lakhanas[人]伊凡洛(拉汗纳斯),见Ivailo
Lakiashih (Aru-rarja)[地]拉加寺地区,525
Lalegir[族]拉列基尔人,515
Lamaism[宗]喇嘛教,220,298,299,319,323,383,513-515,523,564注,628注;红教,513,523;黄教,513,514,523,524,526,532,533,536,540
Lamut[族]拉穆特人,515
Lanchi[地](浙江)兰溪,308
Lanchow (Yüan-ch'uan)[地]兰州(苑川),35,60,107
Langson[地]谅山,290
Lao-shang[人]老上单于,21,27,28
Lao-tse[人]老子,见Taoism
Laranda (Karaman)[地]拉兰达(今卡拉曼),391,452
Lasha, David[人]大卫·拉沙,见David Lasha
Lasha, Giorgi III[人]吉奥吉尔三世拉沙,见Giorgi III Lasha
Latakia[地]剌牙思,见Lajazzo
Latsang khan[人]拉藏汗,524,532-533
Laurence (of Ancona)[人]劳伦斯,342
Law codes[专]法典,见Shari'a; Yasaq
Layas[地]剌牙思,见Lajazzo
Lazica[地]拉齐卡,84
Le Coq, A. A. von[人]勒柯,96,97,122
Legdan (Lingdan)[人]林丹汗,510,514,517
Legnica[地]里格尼兹,见Liegnitz
Lelvar[文]勒尔瓦尔文化,5,545注
... -->>
本章未完,点击下一页继续阅读